Chemicals liquid waste

Applications Deep-well injection has been used principally for liquid wastes that are difficult to treat and dispose of by more conventional methods and for hazardous wastes. Chemical, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical wastes are those most commonly disposed of with this method. The waste may be liquid, gases, or solids. The gases and solids are either dissolved in the liquid or are carried along with the liquid. 

Venmri scrubbers have been applied to control PM emissions from utility, industrial, commercial, and institutional boilers fired with coal, oil, wood, and liquid waste. They have also been applied to control emission sources in the chemical, mineral products, wood, pulp and paper, rock products, and asphalt manufacrnring industries lead, aluminum, iron and steel, and gray iron production industries and to municipal solid waste incinerators. Typically, venturi scrubbers are applied where it is necessary to obtain high collection efficiencies for fine PM. Thus, they are applicable to controlling emission sources with high concentrations of submicron PM. 

A second source of plutonium, dispersed more locally, is liquid effluent from fuel reprocessing facilities. One such is the fuel reprocessing plant at Windscale, Cumbria in the United Kingdom where liquid waste is released to the Irish Sea(6). Chemical analysis of this effluent shows that about one percent or less of the plutonium is in an oxidized form before it contacts the marine water(7). Approximately 95 percent of the plutonium rapidly adsorbs to particulate matter after discharge and deposits on the seabed while 5 percent is removed from the area as a soluble component ). Because this source provided concentrations that were readily detected, pioneering field research into plutonium oxidation states in the marine environment was conducted at this location. 

Sources of land pollution include direct dumping of domestic and industrial solid waste, excessive application of agrochemicals, and indirect contamination resulting from leaks or from leaching of hazardous components from liquid waste disposal sites or from atmospheric fallout. Land may also become contaminated by chemicals processed, stored or dumped at the site, perhaps in the distant past. Such contamination may pose a health risk to workers on the site, those subsequently involved in building, construction or engineering works, or the public (e.g. arising from trespass), and to animals. 

Scrivner, N.C., Bennet, K.E., Pease, R.A., Kopatsis, A., Sanders, S.J., Clark, D.M., and Rafal, M., Chemical fate of injected wastes, in Proc. Int. Symp. Subsurface Injection of Liquid Wastes, New Orleans, National Water Well Association, Dublin, OH, 1986, pp. 560-609. 

The specific equipment used for each step depends on the incinerator type and the physical and chemical characteristics of the wastes the incinerator is designed to bum. Wastes are fed into the incinerator in batches or in a continuous stream. Liquid wastes are often pumped and atomized into fine droplets that bum more easily. Solid wastes may be fed into the incinerator in bulk or in containers using a conveyer, a gravity system, or a ram feeder.8... 

Municipal waste (MW) Always relevant except intermediates only use in processing aids Articles waste for recycling (RW -solid) Relevant if substance is induded in aifides of glass, paper, plastics, rubber, metal, construction material or in specific articles (cars. EEE etc ) Hazardous waste (HW) Substances as such or in chemical products, liquid wastes for recycling... 

Keywords chemical terrorism cleaner production fuel liquid waste market economy rocket utilization sustainable development... 

Automotive fuel on the base of liquid wastes of coke factories of Ukraine as the chemical terrorism factor. 

The uranium mine tails contain the equal masses of water and solids. Furthermore the treatment of each ton of uranium ore is accompanied by receiving about 3 tons of rafinate, and finally the treatment of 1 ton of uranium ore gives about 4 tons of liquid wastes of different chemical composition, which in turn depends on the treatment technology. 

In New York state a reprocessing plant near Buffalo began to reprocess nuclear wastes in 1966. After 6 years Nuclear Fuel Services (NFS), a subsidiary of W.R. Grace s Davison Chemical Company, abandoned the facility. There were 2 million cubic feet of radioactive material left behind along with 600,000 gallons of radioactive liquid waste that was seeping into a creek that flows into Lake Erie the source of drinking water for Buffalo. The cost of cleanup was estimated to be 1 billion. 

Geomembranes Chemical Resistance for the Storage of Liquid Waste... 

The principal test to establish the chemical resistance of the polymeric landfill liners to liquid wastes and industrial effluents is the immersion of geomembrane in a sample either of a defined chemical mixture or of a leachate from an existing storage site. This is performed either at various elevated temperatures in order to generate an Arrhenius diagram, or at fixed temperatures of 50 °C and at 20 °C, and is followed by a number of, primarily, mechanical evaluation tests. 

Pesticide containers were triple rinsed, crushed and disposed of as solid waste (Figure 3). Containment of liquid wastes by the newly constructed plastic lined pit was questionable after one year. There appeared to be some leakage or fluctuation of the liquid level. There is continual danger of rupture of such liners by mechanical Injury, chemical Interaction, rodents, etc., which could result in contamination... 

Waste products (cells only five for hours to days) pass back to the blood, where they are carried through the fiver, which is the other major chemical reactor in the circulatory system. Here enzymes bound to surfaces in the fiver further react the decomposition product molecules into even smaller molecules that can pass through the body s major filter, the kidneys. Liquid wastes and excess water then are stored in the bladder until needed. 

Cement-based stabiUzation/solidification (S/S) is a technology for the in situ or ex situ treatment of hazardous wastes and hazardous waste sites. It is a process that uses cement and other additives or processes to physically and/or chemically immobilize the hazardous constituents of contaminated soils, sludges, sediments, or liquid wastes. The objective is to prevent the migration of contaminants in the environment by forming a solid mass. 

The U.S. Department of Energy estimated that the gas-phase chemical reduction process would cost 400/ton to treat soils and 2000/ton to treat liquid waste composed of 100% PCBs (D22124Z, p. 18). 

The liquid waste must be pumpable. Contaminants must be in particulate form, or it must be possible to precipitate dissolved contaminants such as metal ions chemically. Separation must provide an advantage. The EPOC microfiltration technology does not remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from liquids. The unit s operation is affected by cold weather. 

Under joint sponsorship by the U. S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) and the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), a bench-scale transpiring wall reactor was developed by Sandia National Laboratories, FWDC, and GenCorp Aerojet. The reactor, which uses SCWO, was designed to treat military and other liquid wastes. A commercial application of the technology is in use to destroy munitions, colored smokes, and dyes. SWCO may also provide a viable alternative to incineration for the destruction of chemical weapons. 

WASTECH, Inc., has developed a solidification and stabilization technology to produce a final waste form for soils, sludges, and liquid wastes. First, a proprietary reagent chemically bonds... 

The dramatic increase in the petroleum prices has lead to an increase of prices of the raw materials for production of hydrocarbon solvent. Additionally, the environmental problems related to air emission and liquid waste from using these hydrocarbon solvent were the driving forces for new and innovative models for managing such kind of chemicals. 

---