Chart multiple lines

For single-point recorders all of these record forms are employed, but with one or two exceptions multiple-point recorders use record paper in the roll form. Upon circular charts the lines of equal temperature arc represented by concentric circles and lines of equal time by arcs following the course of the galvanometer needle (see Fig. 31). 

When data of a single type accumulate, new forms of statistical analysis become possible. In the following, conventional control and Cusum charts will be presented. In the authors opinion, newer developments in the form of tight (multiple) specifications and the proliferation of PCs have increased the value of control charts especially in the case of on-line in-process controlling, monitors depicting several stacked charts allow floor supervi-... 

Once plotted, a new menu bar appears with plot options. The plot can be displayed as points, connected, or as a bar chart. The data can be presented on linear or log axes, with or without grid. Text can be placed on the display in a variety of sizes and types. Lines or arrows can be drawn or areas filled. The user can edit all axis labels and titles if desired. Re-scaling is accomplished by means of the shrink and zoom options or by entering exact scale limits. Multiple curves can be annotated with keyed symbols. Plot coordinates are displayed in real time as the operator moves the mouse over the plot. 

Control charts are used in many different applications besides analytical measurements. For example, in a manufacturing process, the control limits are often based on product quality. In analytical measurements, the control limits can be established based on the analyst s judgment and the experimental results. A common approach is to use the mean of select measurements as the centerline, and then a multiple of the standard deviation is used to set the control limits. Control charts often plot regularly scheduled analysis of a standard reference material or an audit sample. These are then tracked to see if there is a trend or a systematic deviation from the center-line. 

Resources. Employees (icons on the left) such as Schneider, Bayer, etc. are organized into project teams which are represented by organization charts. Each box represents a position, lines reflect the organizational hierarchy. Employees are assigned to positions (or roles). Within a project, an employee may play multiple roles. E.g., Mrs. Bayer acts both as a designer and as a simulation expert in the Polyamide-6 team. 

Background QC At specified intervals, in many instances daily or for each batch, the background count rate for each system must be measured. The count rate is recorded and plotted on control charts, either by hand or by computer. The mean value of the background is found by averaging at least 20 measurements. The 2(7 and 3ageviations are calculated from the individual and mean values, and these multiple-standard-deviation lines are plotted on the control chart (see Section 10.5.1). Once the control chart is established, each newly measured value is recorded. The measurement should be repeated if it falls outside the 2cr band to distinguish between a random event and an instrumental problem. Remedial action with the detector or its environment is necessary if the repeated measurement is beyond the 3a band. 

Fig. 15.5 Flow chart of integration among multiple chemical sources. Lines with arrows indicate an increase in activity while simple lines with perpendicular ends indicate inhibitory effects. Modified after Hazlett (1996c)...

In ABC, cost accounting shifts from the chart of accounts set up aroimd departments to activities within those departments. The supply chain diagram in Figure 25.2 applies this idea in our three-company supply chain. Each supply chain company has multiple products. Each "stacked" box depicts a separate product line. Shaped symbols (oval for Process, diamond for Old Line, and triangle for High Tech) represent activities in the process. Each product requires at least one activity in each company... 

Anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis to streptomycin (12/284) and to INH (1/284) was reported from a retrospective chart review of patients managed for spinal TB in southwest China [ll ]. Multiple drug hypersensitivity (MDH) has been observed to both first- and second-line ATDs. Itch, oedema, eosinophilia and fever are the most common features of MDH. Streptomycin and ofloxacin are associated with the most serious reactions [42 ]. 

On the other hand, the numbers shown adjacent to the proposed test chart of ISO 16505 2015 are number intended to show the multiphcation factor of spatial frequency relative to the spatial frequency at reference position 1. In the chart given in ISO 16505 2015, the line width of the hyjjerbohc chart uses the widest width as reference (with a multiplication factor equals to one at this position 1) and the spatial frequency at different positions can be calculated by multiplying the multiplication factor to the spatial frequency at position 1. 

For those who are not familiar how a hyperbohc chart design is calculated, following explanation may help to understand it. Mathematically, the width of the line composing the chart is determined as a reciprocal function (or a multipUcative inverse function) to its position. Therefore, the width of the hne in these charts decreases reciprocally according to its position and the spatial frequency increases proportionally to its position. If we denote the chart hne width at chart position 1 to be WuneCPMF =1) where FMF stands for the frequency multiphcation factor, the chart line width at different frequency multiplication factor FMF will be calculated to be Wune(FMF) = Wii (FMF = 1) x (1/FMF). As an example, the point with FMF = 4 will contain periodic lines with 4 times higher spatial frequency compared to the spatial frequency at position 1 and the width of the lines will be l/4th compared to the width at reference position 1. 

Figure 15.5 displays the Equipment Occupancy chart for three consecutive batches of the process (each color represents a different batch, and the individual procedures associated with Batch 1 are labeled). The process batch time is approximately 92 h. This is the total time between the start of the first operation of a batch and the end of the last operation of that batch. However, since most of the equipment items are utihzed for shorter periods within a batch, a new batch can be initiated every 62.1 h. This is known as the minimmn cycle time of the process. Multiple bars of the same color on a given line (e.g., for R-101, R-102, and NFD-101) represent reuse (sharing) of equipment by multiple procedures. White space between bars represents idle time. The equipment with the least idle time between consecutive batches is the time (or scheduling) bottleneck (R-102 in this case), which determines the maximum number of batches per year. Its occupancy time (62.1 h) is the minimum possible time between consecutive batches. In contrast, the occupancy time of R-101 is 61.3 h, so there is a small gap between batches in this rmit. 

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