Characteristic Material Data

From the data sheets provided by the producers some characteristic material parameters are compiled in Table 10.3. 

Y Tokiwa, T. Ando, T. Suzuki and T. Takeda, Polymer Materials Engineering and Science, 1990,62, 988. 

Tokiwa, T. Ando, T. Suzuki and T. Takeda in Agricultural and Synthetic Polymers, Biodegradability and Utilisation, Eds., J.E. Glass and G. Swift, ACS Symposium Series No.433, ACS, Washington, DC, USA, 1990,136. 

Muller, J. Augusta, H. Widdecke and W-D. Deckwer, Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 1994,195, 2, 793. 

Tokiwa and T. Suzuki, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1981,26, 2,441. 

---

Table 10.3 Compilation of some characteristic material data of commercial biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters ...

As a result of the above considerations, only the WF data taken at the gas/solid equilibiinm may be considered to be characteristic material data. Then the crystal nonstoichiometry is well defined. Unfortunately, most of the WF data reported so far for compounds were determined below equilibrium and, therefore, are not well defined." ... 

Retrieved Source of formula and raw material data for a non-recursive modelling procedure Formula characteristics Raw material characteristics ... 

Formula characteristics" Piimient/Binder Ratio "Raw material data" Cost solids, density, etc. 

Preliminary Examination of PATE Imaging Characteristics. The data herein have shown that PATE resins are easily photolyzed in the deep UV region to form crosslinked films which are of sufficient integrity for photoresists. However, in addition to these film performance properties, a potential resist material must meet other equally important criteria. For example, the masked (unphotolyzed) portion of the resist film must be removed prior to etching, without damage to the cured film. Also, the cured films must withstand an etchant bath. Therefore, since PATE resins seem to meet the necessary requirements of solubility and solvent resistance, investigation of performance under crude simulated processing conditions was undertaken. 

Whatever the specific need or application, the use of a tier testing scheme can significantly reduce, and in some cases eliminate, the use of animals. An example of a decision-making tree and its applications in ocular testing is provided in Figure 17.3. First, all available data about a test material (or related compounds), including chemical characteristics, historical data, other known toxicity, and the like, are collected. Analysis of these data could provide a strong indication of irritation potential, in which case the material would be labeled a presumed positive and... 

Interstage bushings and thrust-balancing devices on multistage pumps may have the manufacturer s standard clearances, provided these clearances are stated as exceptions to this standard (see 2.6.4.2) in the proposal and are approved by the purchaser. When the manufacturer s standard clearances are based on material combinations exhibiting superior wear characteristics, supporting data shall be included in the proposal. 

Commercial success of sulfur-iodine hydrogen production depends largely on the capacity to identify materials of construction that can handle the corrosive environments and on the ability to manufacture process components with these materials economically. This chapter has reviewed a cross-section of materials data generated by testing in the various process settings within the cycle. Ta alloys and SiC have been shown to have good corrosion characteristics in all the liquid environments, but individual candidates have also been suggested for use in particular conditions. Both of these materials have unique mechanical properties, and much effort is needed in order to use them for component fabrication. 

To characterize a given polymer sample it is necessary first to describe properly the molecules themselves and then to devise a series of special tests by which this sample can be compared with other polymeric and nonpolymeric materials. Data on molecular characteristics, together with a knowledge of the structure of a polymer chain, make it possible to understand and, in some cases, even to predict to a certain degree its mechanical, optical, and electrical properties. 

Many safety-relevant characteristic properties are members of the family of so-called soft material data, which are often determined in standardized test apparatus (e.g., flash point). They can be used to assess the potential hazard posed by a chemical or mixture of chemicals and thus the safety measures for their handling. 

Transport velocities remain within defined limits and material flows are relatively constant, so characteristic wear data that have been determined under realistic conditions are quite readily transferable. Wear as a form of damage does not play a dominant part in chemical plants. Nevertheless, it does occur, and the following examples give an idea of the diversity. 

Characterizations of nanosystems in ENT are driven by number of systems involved, single system for investigation and multiple system for mass production. It also depends on order of multiple systems. The aspect ratio of the system indicates about 2D or 3D system. Conductivity of materials also influences the activity of the ENT. Characteristics of data related to current density, charge density, double layer capacitance will change by orders of magnitude from microscopic to nanoscopic dimensions. Hence, measuring devices employed should be highly sensitive in the ENT. 

In raw material data sheets there are usually no characteristics that indicate whether the resin is suitable for BM, or up to what limit an application is sensible. With increasing markets for these materials, more useful data sheets for all types of resins are becoming available. 

The working life characteristics of individually manufactured products in terms of polymerization and exothermic rate will depend on room temperature, material temperature and volume of installed material. Data covering realistic working temperatures are not always clearly stated in the Product Data Sheets nor clearly understood by the operators. Very cold environments (below 5°C) may require local heating to allow polymerization, whilst hot climates may require early morning... 

Conventional and highly crosslinked UHMWPE materials exhibit similar qualitative behavior as a result of the underlying similarities of the material microstructures. In this section we examine the behavior of four different UHMWPE materials to illustrate the characteristic material response of UHMWPE. This data will also be used as the basis for the development of material models in the rest of the review. Two of the four materials were conventional UHMWPE and two were highly crosslinked UHMWPE. All materials were created from the same lot of ram-extruded GUR 1050 (Eigure 14.1). 

The subscripts T and m in the above formulae relate to the fibres and matrix respectively i.e. on is the strength of the fibres in tension. The characteristic lamina strengths, namely ou, Oic, 02t, 02c and 012, which have been calculated from raw material data, can then be used with Equation (4.56) to check for possible failure of the lamina. 

Table 4.12 Characteristic material properties Data sheet No. 2.

Characteristic material properties for fibre reinforced composites cannot be so rigorously defined as for most other structural materials. Standard data are either not generally available or cannot be relied upon except for preliminary design. Because of its nonhomogeneity and anisotropy, up to 21 elastic constants may, in theory, be required for a full analysis of a complex laminate. In practice though, due to symmetry, these reduce to ... 

Characteristic material properties (see EUROCOMP Design Code Data, Table 4.12). 

GEOTECHNCIAL PARAMETERS Obtaining material data sets from all available data Deriving characteristic values Distinguishing unrepresentative values... 

Moderator material - data providers should specify the moderator used to slow down fission neutrons. There are three basic moderators light water (H2O), heavy water (D2O) and carbon (C). This characteristic does not apply to the FBR. Data providers should choose the appropriate option from the multiple-choice menu H2O, D2O, C, N/A. 

It should be stressed that changing the processing conditions may affect both micro- and macrostructure. Nevertheless the data may be considered as characteristic. The data on the Alfin poly butadiene is based on a polymer with a Mw of 0-9 x 10 but the wide molecular weight range is quoted in order to cover the very high molecular weight of early Alfin polymers as well as the low molecular weight materials that can now be prepared. 

---