Cereal identification

Key words cereal identification, grain quality in cereals, cereal growth, cereal yields,... 

Stadlober M, Sager M, Iigolic KJ (2001) Effects of selenate supplemented fertilisation on the selenium level of cereals - identification and quantification of selenium compounds by HPLC-ICP-MS. Pood Chem 73 357-366... 

Schatz, P. F. Ralph, J. Lu, F. Guzei, I. A. Bunzel, M. Synthesis and identification of 2,5-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-tetrahydrofuran-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, an unanticipated ferulate 8-8-coupling product acylating cereal plant cell walls. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2006, 4, 2801-2806. 

Rye (Secale cereale L.) and Wheat Triticum aestivum L.) Mulch The Suppression of Certain Broadleaved Weeds and the Isolation and Identification of Phytotoxins... 

The germination stimulant or stimulants from host plants have not yet been identified, but research on isolation and identification of these allelopathic compounds continues. Other nonhost plants, such as cotton, also release chemicals which stimulate the germination of witchweed seed and these crops can replace the cereal crops in witchweed-infected fields. If no acceptable host is present, the witchweed plant is unable to mature and produce seed. The importance of cereal crops as a staple food in underdeveloped countries makes growth of nonhost crops only partially acceptable, and there are numerous wild hosts that allow the witchweed to germinate, mature, and produce more seed (several thousand seeds can be produced by a single plant). Nevertheless, application of either natural or synthetic stimulants in the absence of a host plant is an effective way of reducing and eventually eliminating the witchweed problem. 

Pedersen, J.R. 1992. Insects Identification, damage, and detection. In Storage of Cereal Grains and Their products (D.B. Sauer, ed.), 4th Ed., pp. 435-489. American Association of Cereal... 

Knoll, A., Vogel, R. F., and Niessen, L. (2002). Identification of Fusarium graminearum in cereal samples by DNA Detection Test Strips . Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 34,144-148. 

Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments which impart the red, purple, and blue coloration of many fruits, vegetables, and cereal grains. Their analysis is useful for commodity identification since the anthocyanin fingerprint pattern is distinctive for different commodities. The authors laboratory has demonstrated how HPLC anthocyanin analyses can be effectively applied to determine the authenticity of various anthocyanin containing fruit juices (Wrolstad et al., 1994). 

Most publications dealing with HPLC of cereals report on wheat. However, the results obtained for wheat are not necessarily valid for other cereals. As with wheat, research on nonwheat cereals usually deals with identification of varieties or cultivars and the evaluation of processing quality of the different varieties. 

JA Bietz, T Burnouf, LA Cobb, JS Wall. Wheat varietal identification and genetic analysis by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Cereal Chem 61 129-135, 1984. 

JA Bietz, LA Cobb. Improved procedures for rapid wheat varietal identification by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of gliadin. Cereal Chem 62 332-339, 1985. (131) JA... 

MG Scanlon, HD Sapirstein, W Bushuk. Computerized wheat varietal identification by high-performance liquid chromatography. Cereal Chem 66 439-443, 1989. 

MG Scanlon, W Bushuk. Application of photodiode-array detection in RP-HPLC of gliadins for automated wheat variety identification. J Cereal Sci 12 229-234, 1990. 

IL Batey. Wheat varietal identification by rapid ion-exchange chromatography of gliadins. J Cereal Sci 2 241-248, 1984. 

GL Lookhart. Identification of oat cultivars by fingerprinting their prolamin fractions via polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Cereal Foods World 29 507, 1984. 

FR Huebner, JA Bietz, BD Webb, BO Juliano. Rice cultivar identification by high-performance liquid chromatography of endosperm proteins. Cereal Chem 67 129-135, 1990. 

In our research, we proposed a post amplification analytical method to detect F. culmorum, a pathogen causing foot rot and head blight diseases in cereals, and can produce mycotoxins such as zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and other trichothecenes that can enter the food chain. The early identification of this fungal pathogen is therefore recommended in order to avoid crop losses and protect consumer health... 

While HPLC does not always produce superior results to those with TLC it allows greater versatility and is more suitable for the analysis of complex organic matrices such as cereals. HPLC coupled to sensitive detection and sophisticated data retrieval has improved the identification of selected mycotoxins at levels much less than achieved by TLC. Additional chromatographic modes such as normal-phase, reverse phase and ion-exchange chromatography have been employed. There are no truly universal detectors available for HPLC. Detectors presently in use include Fourier transform infrared detections (FT-IRD), diode array ultraviolet detection (DAD) and mass selection detectors (MSD) (Coker, 1997). 

Szabo, E., Haj6s, G., and Matuz, J. 2002. Identification of major allergens of cereal proteins by electrophoretic methods. Pol J Food Nutr Sci 1 l/52(Suppl. 2) 131-134. 

Sandiford, C.P., Tatham, A.S., Fido, R., Welch, J.A., Jones, M.G., Tee, R.D., Shewry, P.R., Newman Taylor, A.J. 1997. Identification of the major water/salt insoluble wheat proteins involved in cereal hypersensitivity. Clin Exp Allergy 27 1120-1129. 

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