Endosperm proteins

The Osborne classification, which dates from 1907, was updated at a symposium on gluten in 1996. Gianibelli el al. point out that at least 1300 peptides can be obtained from wheat endosperm proteins after disulfide bond rupture using two-dimensional fractionation.6... 

The quantity of protein present is normally measured by the Kjeldahl method. As wheat endosperm protein is around 17.5% nitrogen a factor of 5.7 is normally used to convert Kjeldahl nitrogen measurements into protein. Tkachuk suggested that 5.7 should be used for whole wheat but 5.6 should be used for flour.24... 

FR Huebner, JA Bietz, BD Webb, BO Juliano. Rice cultivar identification by high-performance liquid chromatography of endosperm proteins. Cereal Chem 67 129-135, 1990. 

Mundy, J., Hejgaard, J., Hansen, A., Hallgren, L., Jprgensen, K. Munck, L. (1986). Differential synthesis in vitro of barley aleurone and starchy endosperm proteins. Plant Physiology 81, 630-6. 

The reaction of the bisulfite ion with endosperm protein is completed in whole kernels in 6-10 hours.142,143 Both S02 and HS03 ions are capable of reducing disulfide bonds pH conditions inside the kernel probably determine which reaction predominates. The kernel pH of 3.6-4.0 reported by Wahl151 would favor HS03 as the reactant, but pH values can be closer to 4.0-4.5 in commercial steeps with a solubles level of 1-2% in the steep acid (unpublished data). 

Alkali was the first chemical used in corn wet-milling,275 but was quickly abandoned in favor of sulfur dioxide. Researchers over the years have tried to refine the use of alkali for starch processing,1718 276 because of the ease with which alkali solubilizes endosperm protein. An alkali wet-milling process which yields —2% more starch and has —40% lower capital cost has been developed.277... 

Miyoshi, S., Kaneko, T., Ishikawa, H., Tanaka, H., and Maruyama, S. 1995. Production of peptides from com endosperm proteins by some proteases. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 750, 731. 

Table XI. Whole Endosperm Protein and Available Lysine in Untreated and Lime-Treated Corns ...

Nelson, O. E., Mutant genes that change the composition of maize endosperm proteins. Federation Proceedings 1966,25 (6), 1676-1678. 

Bonwell, E.S., Fisher, T.L., Fritz, A.K. and Wetzel, D.L. (2008) Determination of endosperm protein secondary structure in hard wheat breeding lines using synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy. Vib. Spedrosc., 48, 76-81. 

Oria, M. P., Hamaker, B. R., Axtell, J. D., and Huang, C.-P. (2000). A highly digestible sorghum mutant cultivar exhibits unique fold structure of endosperm protein bodies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 5065-5070. 

ANDERSON ANDERSON High-Resolution, Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis 135 Analysis of Wheat Endosperm Proteins... 

Figure 1. Map of major endosperm proteins of Newton wheat. The landmark areas indicated by rectangles are those previously described (.9). The electrophoretic variants in this study occurred in landmark areas II and IV.

P.I. Payne, Endosperm proteins. In Plant Gene Research a Genetic Approach to Plant Biochemistry, Blenstein, A. D., King, P. ]., ed. (New York, Spinger), pp. 207-301,1986. 

M.C. Gianibelli, O.R. Larroque, F. MacRitchie, and C.W. Wrigley, Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Characterization of Wheat Endosperm Proteins, Publication no. C-2001-0926-OlO, American Association of Cereal Chemists, Inc, 2001. 

Brown, J.W.S., Law, C.N., Worland, A.J., and Flavell, R.B. Genetic variation in wheat endosperm proteins. An analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis using intervarietal chromosomal substitution lines. Theor. Appl. Genet. 59 361-371,1981. 

Linkage mapping of the genes controlling endosperm proteins in... 

Defatted rice endosperm protein Hydrolysis with neutrase FRDEHKK Zhang et al. (2010)... 

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