Fusarium graminearum

Obst A and Bechtel A (2000), Weather conditions conducive for wheat head blight, caused by Fusarium graminearum , Bodenkultur und Pflanzenbau, 3, 81-88. 

Walker S L, Leath S, Hagler W M and Murphy J P (2001), Variation among isolates of Fusarium graminearum associated with Fusarium head blight in North Carolina , Plant Dis., 85, 404—410. 

Deoxynivalenol results in massive electrolyte loss in plant cells upon exposure. Fusarium graminearum is a necrotrophic pathogen. 

Knoll, A., Vogel, R. F., and Niessen, L. (2002). Identification of Fusarium graminearum in cereal samples by DNA Detection Test Strips . Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 34,144-148. 

Nicholson, P., Simpson, D. R., Weston, G., Rezanoor, H. N., Lees, A. K., Parry, D. W., and Joyce, D. (1998). Detection and quantification of Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum in cereals using PCR assays. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 53,17-37. 

Niessen, M. L., and Vogel, R. F. (1997). Specific identification of Fusarium graminearum by PCR with gaoA targeted primers. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 20,111-123. 

Obradovic, D., Bagi, F., Kevresan, S., Petrovic, T., and Balaz, F. (2001). A simplified method of DNA extraction for identification of Fusarium graminearum group 2 isolates by PCR. Acta Phytopathol. Entomol. Hung. 36(3—4), 243-249. 

Reischer, G. H., Lemmens, M., Farnleitner, A., Adler, A., and Mach, R. L. (2004). Quantification of Fusarium graminearum in infected wheat by species specific real-time PCR applying a TaqMan probe. J. Microbiol. Methods 59,141-146. 

Miller JD, Taylor A, Greenhalgh R (1983) Production of deoxynivalenol and related compounds in liquid culture by Fusarium graminearum. Can J Microbiol 29 1171-1178... 

Deoxynivalenol (see Toxins derived from Fusarium graminearum,... 

Fusarenon-X (see Toxins derived from Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum and F. crookwelleme)... 

Trichothecenes are a group of over 150 structurally bound components synthesized from several fungus genera. The most important of them are the genus Fusarium or more exactly Fusarium sporotrichoides and Fusarium graminearum. They are the most often synthesized trichothecenes. 

Zearalenon is a natural contaminator of maze, wheat, oats, barley and hay. The synthesis of the toxin is enhanced by high humidity and low temperatures and is also often found together with trichothecenes. This mycotoxin is synthesized by several strains of Fusarium mainly by Fusarium sporotrichoides and Fusarium graminearum etc. 

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