Center for Cognitive

The Center for Cognitive Liberty Ethics (CCLE) is a nonprofit research and policy center devoted to protecting freedom of thought. Our mission is to develop and implement social policies that preserve and enhance freedom of thought into the 21st century. 

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Martha Farah, director of the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Research at the University of Pennsylvania. As a specialist in vision and memory, she joined in a debate over the acceptable uses of prescription drugs by arguing in favor of taking pills to improve brain function. Although concerned about the potential for abuse and harmful side effects,... 

Purveslab at the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, has published numerous papers on the psychophysical visual effects people experience. One of the most striking examples of how the eye perceives colour in context is described by Lotto and Purves (2000). The discs, described in this paper, are similar to the two cubes with coloured squares (similar to a Rubik s cube) shown on the laboratory s website (Purveslab, 2011). The two cubes look similar, but one is shown in a blue environment, while the other one is shown in a yellow environment. The darkest squares of the cube in the yellow environment are blue. Yellow is the second-lightest colour of the cube in the blue environment. But, when the above-mentioned blue and yellow squares are isolated from their respective environments (taken out of context), all of them have the same colour The reason for this is called colour contrast. Although the spectral returns from the said squares are the same, the perception is that they exist in environments with different illumination, and therefore they elicit different colour stimuli in the brain. Camouflage patterns, with colours exhibiting this kind of behaviour, are effective in a wide range of environments. 

Howard H Brigham Women s Hospital, Boston, MA Examine the relationship between lead exposure and hypertension, renal dysfunction and cognitive deficits in middle-aged adults National Center for Research Resources... 

Center for Adaptive Behavior and Cognition, Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research, Leopoldstr. 24, 80802 Munich, Germany, Phone 89/38 602 238, Fax 89/38 602 252 email czerlinski mpipf-muenchen.mpg.de... 

Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Academia Sinica, Beijing, People s Republic of China... 

In 1991 a comprehensive review of available data resulted in the maximum tolerable blood level for children being reduced to 100 pg/litre in the USA. The Centers for Disease Control in the USA state that above this level there is a risk of adverse developmental effects in children such as reduced IQ, growth retardation, and lower hearing acuity. Lead levels above this in the blood in adults was associated with an increased risk of hypertension. The equivalent intervention level for blood lead in the UK has been set at 250 pg/litre, but, apparently, cognitive deficits have been detected at levels below this. Such effects are often difficult to measure, and three bodies (the Medical Research Council, a Royal Commission, and the Department of Health) which separately evaluated the data in the UK found that studies on this effect of lead have been inadequate and that the case was not proven. Studies are still being pubhshed which purport to... 

Marshall, S. P. Marshall, J. P. (1991). Hybrid models of cognition. In S. Marshall, Final report Schemas in problem solving (Tech. Rep. 91-01. ONR Contract N00014-90-J-1143). San Diego San Diego State University, Center for Research in Mathematics and Science Education. 

There are decades worth of research that show clear-cut benefits of caffeine. It sharpens cognitive function, improves accuracy and speed in performing tasks that require sustained attention and concentration, and promotes alertness and a sense of well-being. People with chronic dysthymia or mild depression often find that caffeine boosts their mood. Beware of caffeine if you have heart problems, though, as caffeine can exacerbate cardiac arrythmias. If you re pregnant, check with your doctor about caffeine use. Keep in mind there is more caffeine in brewed coffee than instant and more caffeine in instant coffee than tea. Here are some comparisons from the Center for Science in the Public Interest ... 

Spiro, R. J. et al. (1987). Knowledge acquisition for application cognitive flexibility and transfer in complex content domains. Technical Report 409. Center for the Study of Reading. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 

The contributions of the following reviewers vastly improved the content of the book Roger Rezar, M.D., Luther-Midelfort Hospital, Eau Claire, Wisconsin Della Lin, M.D., the Queen s Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii Richard Cook, M.D., Cognitive Technologies Laboratories, University of Chicago Peter Provonost, M.D., Ph.D., critical care medicine, Johns Hopkins University Jim Conway, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Linda Connell, M.A., R.N., the NASA Ames Research Center and Anne-Claire France, Ph.D., the Center for Healthcare Improvement, Memorial Hermann Healthcare System, Houston. 

Our intent was to engage our preservice teachers in the cognitive work of building computer models to answer the Driving Question, what would happen to the fish if you cut down all the trees around a pond We utilized the software, Model-lt. developed at the University of Michigan s Center for Highly Interactive... 

Sotelo, C. and Palay, S.L. (1971). Altered axons and axon terminals in the lateral vestibular nucleus of the rat possible example of axonal remodeling. Lab. Invest., 25, 653-671 Tanis, A.L. (1955). Lead poisoning in children. Am. ]. Dis. Child., 69, 325-331 Thatcher, R.W., Lester, M.L., McAlaster, R. and Horst, R. (1982). Effects of low levels of cadmium and lead on cognitive functioning in children. Arch. Environ. Health, 37, 159-166 Thatcher, R.W., McAlaster, R. and Lester, M.L. (1984). Evoked potentials related to hair cadmium and lead in children. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 425, 384-390 US Centers for Disease Control. (1985). Preventing lead poisoning in young children. Atlanta, GA US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control no. 99-2230. 

Kontogiarmis, T., Lucas, D. (1990). "Operator Performance Under High Stress An Evaluation of Cognitive Modes, Case Studies and Coimtermeasures." Report No. R90/03 prepared for the Nuclear Power Engineering Test Center, Tokyo. Human Reliability Associates, Dalton, Wigan, Lancashire, UK. 

MasUah E, Heaton RK, Marcotte TD, EUis RJ, Wiley CA, MaUory M, Achim CL, McCutchan JA, Nelson JA, Atkinson JH, Grant I (1997) Dendritic injury is a pathological substrate for human immunodeficiency virus-related cognitive disorders. HNRC Group. The HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center. Ann Neurol 42(6) 963-972... 

In some cases, Narcissistic Personality Disorder can cluster with both drug abuse and antisocial behavior. People with this disorder typically display grandiosity, selfishness/self-centeredness, exploitation of others, beliefs about being gifted and special, arrogance, an excessive preoccupation with self and personal appearances, and the need to have others affirm how special they are. Sometimes these qualities are difficult to separate from antisocial behavior, but key differences center around the criminal behavior and the ability to inflict physical cruelty found in antisocial behavior. Effective treatment for Narcissistic Personality Disorder includes cognitive behavioral therapy as well. 

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