Cellulosic strip

Vertical surface collectors can readily provide information on relative drift (e.g., the amount of drift from one field trial compared to another). However, it is difficult to obtain absolute data unless the precise collection characteristics are known for the droplet size spectrum at the point of spray collection, wind speed and air turbulence intensity. " The SDTF conducted studies in wind tunnels to compare the collection efficiency of different types of drift collector used in its field studies. These studies showed that collection efficiency on strings was several orders of magnitude higher for 0.8-mm diameter cotton string than for 2-mm diameter polyethylene line and vertical o -cellulose strips or squares. The higher collection efficiency for the cotton... 

Such basic data are here presented from isothermal measurements on 5 by 90 cm lignocellulosic and cellulosic strips up to 13 mm thick. A suitable labyrinth air flow calorimeter operating at temperatures up to 250°C was built for these fairly large size samples. (7)... 

Urea in kidney dialysate can be determined by immobilizing urease (via silylation or with glutaraldehyde as binder) on commercially available acid-base cellulose pads the process has to be modified slightly in order not to alter the dye contained in the pads [57]. The stopped-flow technique assures the required sensitivity for the enzymatic reaction, which takes 30-60 s. Synchronization of the peristaltic pumps PI and P2 in the valveless impulse-response flow injection manifold depicted in Fig. 5.19.B by means of a timer enables kinetic measurements [62]. Following a comprehensive study of the effect of hydrodynamic and (bio)chemical variables, the sensor was optimized for monitoring urea in real biological samples. A similar system was used for the determination of penicillin by penicillinase-catalysed hydrolysis. The enzyme was immobilized on acid-base cellulose strips via bovine serum albumin similarly as in enzyme electrodes [63], even though the above-described procedure would have been equally effective. 

Included in this category are lozenges (medicated and nonmedicated), fast dissolving cellulosic strips (Listerine ), and mini melt granules (Mucosin D Pediatric ). 

Watts, C. 1968. Failure of an impregnated cellulose strip as a test for glucose in urine. Veterinary Record 82 48-52. 

Coggins and Crafts (378) compared the relative mobilities of phenylureas using electrophoresis measurements. They assumed that the compounds had basic properties and became protonated under acid conditions. Migration of the compounds toward one of the electrodes increased with an increase in pH, the greatest movement occurring at pH 10. The investigators attributed low movement at low pH to adsorption of protonated species by the cellulose strips of the electrophoresis apparatus. 

The buffers used for cellulose acetate electrophoresis are essentially the same as used for paper electrophoresis (Table 12.1). Solvents rendering the strips transparent are preferred rather than staining agents. Such solvents are glacial acetic acid, Whitmore oil 120, cottonseed oil, decalin, liquid paraffin or a special medium sold by cellulose strip manufacturers. The transparency of the strip helps in direct photoelectric quantitative determination of the concentration of separated components without elution being involved. 

Fig. 10. Exchange reactions. A. Between AcCoA and H-CoA. The reaction mixture contained 0.01 ml of H-CoA solution (0.027 /imole), 0.07 ml of 4 X 10 M AcCoA (2.8 nioles) prepared in water, 0.10 ml of DEAE-cellulose enzyme fraction (30 lig protein) from a rapid inactivator human and 0.8M potassium borate buffer, pH 8.0 in a total volume of 0.27 ml at 27 °. Aliquots of 0.02 ml were removed and immediately mixed with 0.05 ml of 3 X 10" M DTNB dissolved in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0 (0.15 Mmoles) at 4° to stop the reactioa Aliquots of 0.01 ml were then removed from this mixture, and the Ac- H-CoA was separated from the H-CoA on DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange paper. The Ac- H-CoA area was cut out, placed in a counting vial, eluted with 0.02 ml of 0.6 N HCl and counted. Complete reaction mixture (o) mixture without AcCoA ( ) mixture with enzyme previously inactivated b y heating at 55° for 15 min (A). B. Between H-aniline and acetanilide. The reaction mixture contained 0.005 ml of H-aniline dissolved in water (115 mC/mmole, 0.0019 /tmole), 0.20 ml of 3 X lO M acetanilide dissolved in 0.1 M sodium pyrophosphate buffer, pH 8.0 (6.0 Mmoles), 0.10 ml of DEAE-cellulose enzyme fraction from a rapid inactivator human (30 Mg protein) and 0.10 M sodium pyrophosphate buffer, pH 8.0, in a total volume of 0.305 ml at 27°. Aliquots of 0.01 ml were removed, placed on CM-cellulose strips, and treated with 0.005 ml of acetone-absolute ethanol (1 1) to stop the reaction. The H-acetanilide was separated from the H-aniline by eluting the strips with glycine buffer at pH 2.8. The H-acetanilide area was cut out, placed in a count-...

Paper consists of sheet materials that are comprised of bonded small discrete fibers. The fibers usually are ceUulosic in nature and are held together by hydrogen bonds (see Cellulose). The fibers are formed into a sheet on a fine screen from a dilute water suspension. The word paper is derived from papyms, a sheet made in ancient times by pressing together very thin strips of an Egyptian reed Cjperuspapyrus) (1). 

It is usually cruciform. A guillotine cuts the extruded matl to the reqd length. The outer surfaces of the limbs of the cross are covered with a substance which does not burn readily (ie, strips of plasticized cellulose acetate or polystyrene, 1.5-5mm thick), and cemented in place to prevent uneven burning at the surface... 

Figure 50-2. Technique of cellulose acetate zone electrophoresis. A A small amount of serum or other fluid is applied to a cellulose acetate strip. B Electrophoresis of sample in electrolyte buffer is performed.

The stripping of cellulosic materials dyed with reactive dyes is carried out by alkaline reduction followed by hypochlorite oxidation, preceded by a boiling treatment with EDTA if metal-containing dyes have been used. For example, a treatment with 5 gA sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide and 5g/l sodium dithionite at the boil is followed by a treatment in 0.5-1 °Tw hypochlorite, an antichlor and thorough rinsing. 

Wronski [55] described a method to separate and resolve penicillamine from physiological fluids. To urine (100 mL) was added 60 g of (NH4)2S04, the solution was filtered, mixed with 2 g of Na2S03, and 1 mL of 0.1 M EDTA in 20% triethanolamine, and shaken with 5-20 mL of 0.01-0.06 M tributyltin hydroxide in octane for 5 min. A portion (5-8 mL) of the organic phase was shaken with 0.2 mL of HC1 in 20% glycerol solution. A portion of the aqueous phase (5-10 pL per cm of the strip width) was applied to cellulose gel, and electrophoretic separation was performed by the technique described previously. The thiol spots were visualized with o-hydroxymercuri benzoic acid-dithiofluorescein and densitometry with a 588-nm filter. 

Most probably, the first - but non-fiberoptic - sensors for continuous use where those for pH and for oxygen. It has been known for decades that cellulosic paper can be soaked with pH indicator dyes to give pH indicator strips which, however, leached and thus were of the "single-use" type. The respective research and development is not easily traced back since it is not well documented in the public literature. However, in the 1970s, indicator strips became available where they pH indicator dye was covalently linked to the cellulose matrix, usually via vinylsulfonyl groups. These "nonbleeding" test strips allowed a distinctly improved and continuous pH measurement, initially by visual inspection. In the late 1980 s instruments were made available that enabled the color (more precisely the reflectance) of such sensor strips to be quantified and related to pH. Respective instruments are based on the use of LEDs and are small enough to be useful for field tests in that they can be even hand-held. This simple and low cost detection system is still superior to many of the complicated, if not expensive optical pH sensors that have been described in the past 20 years. 

Electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips (Sepraphore III, Gelman Instrument, Ann Arbor, MI) was done in the conventional manner [12] in order to obtain a comparative electrophoretic mobility of non-adsorbed albumin. For this purpose, BSA-BSA (2.5 w/v) was deposited on the cellulose acetate paper twice in volumes of 10 ul each. Electrophoresis was attain performed in the Gelman Chamber with Pt electrodes at 20°C (see Table 3) After completion, the strips were stained with Ponceau S protein stain (Gelman Instruments) and washed with 5 acetic acid. The stained cellulose acid strips were subsequently cut into 3 mm wide pieces which were monitored for protein content y-count-ing. 

All of the tests to investigate the oxidizing properties of substances involve a conical pile or a horizontal strip type of burning procedure and apparatus [134, 136, 157, 158]. The substance is mixed with a known dried combustible material such as sawdust, cellulose, or sugar, in various ratios. The burning velocity of a horizontal strip or the burning time of a conical pile of the mixture... 

Uses Plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride used in vinyl tile, manufacture of artificial leather, carpet tile, food conveyor belts, weather stripping, tarps, automotive trim, traffic cones additive in poiyvinyi acetate emuisions, ethyiene glycoi, ethyl cellulose, and some adhesives organic synthesis. 

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