Cell lineage differentiation

Within cell lineage differentiation pathways, the inherent potency of the starting material may be restricted based on original source. Bone marrow derived cells have the ability to differentiate into eosinophils, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, osteoclasts, and lymphoid cells [20]. However, these hematopoietic lineages have limited potential to become a distinct tissue such as liver. Mesenchymal stem cells, on the other hand, can differentiate into a broader array of distinct tissues such osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, myocytes, and bone marrow stromal cells [20]. This plurality of outcomes requires identification of circumstances under which an aberrant outcome is manifested. 

Neural progenitor cells Lawrence et al. (2004) When nestin+ multi-potential cells are differentiated towards a neuronal lineage post-infection, there is a negligible increase in virus rephcation. When these cells were transfected with a pNL4-3 molecular clone and stimulated with TNP-a, there is an upregulation in virus production, suggestive of reactivation from latency... 

Wu CY, Kirman JR, Rotte MJ, et al. Distinct lineages of T(H)1 cells have differential capacities for memory cell generation in vivo. Nat Immunol 2002 3 852-858. 

As far as we are aware, OPCs are the only normal mammalian cells, other than eggs and blastomeres, that have been shown to survive, proliferate and differentiate in serum- and extract-free culture in the absence of other cell types. Indeed, a single OPC can survive and proliferate in these conditions in the absence of any other cells, suggesting that diffusible autocrine factors are not required (Y. Tokumoto, unpublished work). These properties make OPCs especially attractive for studying how intracellular programmes and extracellular signals can combine to control when the cells exit the cell cycle and differentiate. It seems likely that similar mechanisms operate in other cell lineages. 

Raff I think the timing mechanism may be similar in many cell lineages where precursors divide a limited number of times and then stop and terminally differentiate. The best evidence for this is that if you inactivate p27 there are more... 

Cells of the T cell lineage appear to be more sensitive to the immunomodulatory effects of Pb compared to other lymphoid populations. In addition, there are considerable differences in sensitivity across various T cell subpopulations [38 41], This differential sensitivity has become another major hallmark of Pb-induced immunotoxicity, although most data implicate T cells as indirect targets of Pb immunotoxicity. Both in vivo and in vitro observations of T-dependent immune responses in the presence of Pb suggest that T helper function and Th-dependent cytokines are skewed preferentially toward Th2 reactivities. Smith and Lawrence [42] found that Pb inhibited antigen presentation and stimulated a T cell clone of the Thl phenotype. McCabe and Lawrence [38] were the first to show that Pb inhibited Thl stimulation while it promoted presentation to Th2 clones. Heo and colleagues [39 41] provided both in vitro and in vivo results supporting this immunomodulation by Pb. 

Adipocytes, the fat storage cells, are well supplied with blood vessels. The first recognizable cell type of the lineage is the preadipocyte. This cell may differentiate along one of two adipogenic pathways for the formation of either ... 

Geier, S.J., Algate, P.A., Carlberg, K., Flowers, D., Friedman, C., Trask, B., and Rohrschneider, L.R. 1997, The human SHIP gene is differentially expressed in cell lineages ofthe bone marrow and blood. Blood, 89 1876-1885. 

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