Supply wells

Due to contamination from a metal plating facility, the water from a nearby community water supply well was shown to contain cyanide at a concentration of 20 pg/L, nickel at 95 pg/L, and chroniium(IIl) at 10,200 pg/L. If the daily water intake is assumed to be 0.2L, and the body weight of an adult is 70kg, do these noncarcinogenic chemicals pose a health hazard ... 

Johnson R, J Pankow, D Bender, C Price, J Zogorski (2000) MTBE to what extent will past releases contaminate community water supply wells Environ Sci Technol 34 210A-217A. 

Figure 3 Example of a water supply well purging and sampling form...

Unless laboratory studies on material compatibility establish otherwise, it is recommended that equipment used to collect groundwater samples for pesticide analysis be constructed of metal, fluorocarbon polymer, or glass.However, for a water-supply well, inert well, pump, and plumbing materials are not likely to have been installed for all components. In this case, in-place well, pump type, and plumbing materials should be documented. 

Suction lysimeters are required for some field-scale groundwater monitoring studies to monitor the transport of compounds of interest through the unsaturated zone. Unlike monitoring wells or water supply wells that sample water from the saturated zone, suction lysimeters sample water from the unsaturated zone. This section provides a summary of the installation and sampling procedures for pressure-vacuum suction lysimeters. A detailed discussion of unsaturated zone sampling devices is available elsewhere. 

P 11.6 Estimating the Arrival of 2,6-Dinitrotoluene at a Water Supply Well... 

The county landfill in the diagram was monitored to verify that toxic compounds were not leaching into the local water supply. Wells drilled at 21 locations were monitored over a year and pollutants were observed only at sites 8, 11. 12, and 13. Monitoring all 21 sites each month is very expensive. Suggest a strategy to use composite samples (Box 0-1) made from more than one well at a time to reduce the cost of routine monitoring. How will your scheme affect the minimum detectable level for pollutants at a particular site ... 

Sources of water for aquaculture include municipal supplies, wells, springs, streams, lakes, reservoirs, estuaries, and the ocean. The water may be used directly from the source or it may be treated in some fashion prior to use (see Water). 

Burkel, R.S. and Stoll, R.C. (1999) Naturally occurring arsenic in sandstone aquifer water supply wells of north-eastern Wisconsin. GroundWater Monitoring and Remediation, 19(2), 114-21. 

Perhaps 150000 tube wells, most of which are private, exist in the Red River delta (Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002). Groundwater is withdrawn both from shallow, hand-pumped tube wells at depths of <45 m and from public-supply wells, which tap the Pleistocene aquifer beneath the city of Hanoi at depths of 30-70 m (Smedley, 2005). In recent years, the rate of groundwater abstraction in and around Hanoi has increased dramatically with an annual water table decline of about 1 m (Tong, 2002) and a seasonal decline of about 30 m (Trafford el al., 1996). 

Aquifer A rock, sediment, or soil that is capable of transmitting enough water to supply wells. 

Maas, R.P, D.J. Kucken, S.C. Patch, B.T. Peek, and D.L. Van Engelen (1995). Pesticides in eastern North Carolina and rural supply wells Land use factors and persistence../. Environ. Qual., 24 426-431. 

Ground water samples can be collected from monitoring or supply wells. Their location is not always straightforward—generally such water is sampled over hot spots and near locations following the subterranean stream in order to detect plume profile movements.19 The depth of the well and the characteristics of the surrounding land surface and upstream activities can help in the interpretation of results. 

All exocrine and endocrine glands have a considerable nerve supply. Well known is Pavlov s conditioned reflex [13], where the digestive juices can be secreted via, for example, a sound. But also for many relatively fast reacting hormones - including insulin - the neural feed forward control plays a considerable role. 

The reciprocating compressor was one of three identical units mounted side-by-side under a covered shed in an open-air chemical plant. These compressors were capable of compressing about 50 tons per day of acidic gases from 25 psig to 175 psig. The compressor operated at 300 RPM and was driven by a 150-horsepower electrical motor. This 30-year-old compressor was initially designed with a well water cooling flow on the jacket. Initially a 3/4-inch valve supplied well water. The water flowed out of the compressor jacket and into a funnel, so the operator had a visual indication of flow and no provisions to block the water. [3]... 

Select monitoring points—wells or springs situated near all potential pollution sources (in the downflow direction), surface water bodies (rivers, lakes, operational ponds, etc.), and water supplying wells... 

This is partly a reflection of higher costs of production but the main explanation must lie in the historically small volumes traded. As new farms come on stream, this factor should diminish in importance. Nevertheless, a processor seeking to develop a product which will use any significant volume would do well to secure supplies well in advance. Even when such precautions are taken, however, disaster can still strike. Some of the more unusual ingredients may be produced by only one or two farmers, with potential consequences for continuity of supply. For example, a crop failure in 1999 led to a complete cessation of the supply of organic lupin flour, important in the production of gluten-free bread. 

Feedlots are sited close to existing water supply wells and rivers used for water supply (these pose a greater threat than facilities located at a distance from water supplies). Feedlots are located next to sinkholes, abandoned mine shafts, abandoned wells or other features that allow drainage direct access to the water table. 

Water supply wells, including tubewells, are located close to fuel storage tanks or a site previously used for bulk fuel storage. 

---