Caulking

Caulks Caustic Caustic baryta Caustic extraction Caustic fusion Caustic magnesia Caustic potash Caustic soda... 

Compressed gas systems were originally developed simply to provide a means of expelling a product from its container when the valve was depressed. SemisoHd products such as a cream, ointment, or caulking compound are dispensed as such. A Hquid concentrate and a compressed gas propellant (Fig. 3) produce a spray when a mechanical breakup actuator is used. Nitrogen, insoluble in most materials, is generally used as the propellant. 

Sepro Conta.iner, The Sepro container consists of a collapsible plastic bag fitted into a standard three-piece, tin-plated container such as a 202 X 214, 202 x 406, or 202 x 509 can. The product is placed within the bag, and the propellant is added through the bottom of the container, which is fitted with a one-way valve. There is no limitation on the viscosity of the product but compatibiUty with the plastic bag must be considered. A free-dowing hquid can be dispensed either as a stream or a fine spray, depending on the type of valve employed. A viscous material is often dispensed as a stream. This system has been used for caulking compounds, postfoaming gels, and depilatories. 

Other Uses. Large quantities of hydrocarbon resins are used in mastics, caulks, and sealants (qv). Polymers for these adhesive products include neoprene, butyl mbber, polyisoprene, NR, SBR, polyisobutylene, acryHcs, polyesters, polyamides, amorphous polypropylene, and block copolymers. These adhesives may be solvent or water-borne and usually contain inorganic fillers. 

Fillers. Micronized carbonate whiting is the preferred mineral fill for putty and caulking compounds based on linseed oil or plastic, and vinyl-based floor coverings. It comprises 20—60% of the raw material mix (see Fillers). 

The use of petroleum or derived materials, such as asphalt, and the heavier nonvolatile cmde oils is an old art (2). In fact, petroleum utilization has been documented for more than five thousand years. The earliest documented uses occurred in Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq) when it was recognized that the nonvolatile derivatives (bitumen or natural asphalt and manufactured asphalt) could be used for caulking and as an adhesive for jewelry or as a mastic for constmction purposes. There is also documented use of bitumen for medicinal use. 

A plasticizer is a substance the addition of which to another material makes that material softer and more flexible. This broad definition encompasses the use of water to plasticize clay for the production of pottery, and oils to plasticize pitch for caulking boats. A more precise definition of plasticizers is that they are materials which, when added to a polymer, cause an increase in the flexibiUty and workabiUty, brought about by a decrease in the glass-transition temperature, T, of the polymer. The most widely plasticized polymer is poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) due to its excellent plasticizer compatibility characteristics, and the development of plasticizers closely follows the development of this commodity polymer. However, plasticizers have also been used and remain in use with other polymer types. 

Rosin and associated products obtained from pine trees have been used for hundreds of years to caulk the bottoms of wooden sailing vessels and to lubricate the lines. These materials are known as naval stores because of this practice. 

R. P. Deltieure, "Polyurethane Adhesives and Sealants," Proceedings of Caulks and Sealants Short Course II, The Adhesive and Sealant Council, Rosemont, hi., 1992. 

Miscellaneous. Talc is used in gypsumboatd joint compounds as a high end filler to promote smoothness, sandabiHty, and sag resistance. It is used in automotive primers and polyester body repair compounds to promote sandabiHty. It is used in a wide variety of caulking compounds to improve theology and sag resistance. 

Other. Vinyl acetate resins are useful as antishrinking agents for glass fiber-reinforced polyester mol ding resins (165). Poly(vinyl acetate)s are also used as binders for numerous materials, eg, fibers, leather (qv), asbestos, sawdust, sand, clay, etc, to form compositions that can be shaped with heat and pressure. Joint cements, taping compounds, caulks, and fillers are other uses. 

Di- and Triisobutylcncs. Diisobutylene [18923-87-0] and tnisobutylenes are prepared by heating the sulfuric acid extract of isobutylene from a separation process to about 90°C. A 90% yield containing 80% dimers and 20% trimers results. Use centers on the dimer, CgH, a mixture of 2,4,4-trimethylpentene-1 and -2. Most of the dimer-trimer mixture is added to the gasoline pool as an octane improver. The balance is used for alkylation of phenols to yield octylphenol, which in turn is ethoxylated or condensed with formaldehyde. The water-soluble ethoxylated phenols are used as surface-active agents in textiles, paints, caulks, and sealants (see Alkylphenols). 

Calcium carbonate is one of the most versatile mineral fillers (qv) and is consumed in a wide range of products including paper (qv), paint (qv), plastics, mbber, textiles (qv), caulks, sealants (qv), and printing inks (qv). High purity grades of both natural and precipitated calcium carbonate meet the requirements of the Food Chemicals Codex and the United States Pharmacopeia and are used in dentifrices (qv), cosmetics (qv), foods, and pharmaceuticals (qv). 

Calcium carbonate continues to be used in its original appHcation, putty, as weU as caulks, sealants (qv), adhesives (qv), and printing inks (qv). Large volumes are used in carpet backing and in joint cements. It is used to improve body, reinforcement, and other properties. 

In the United States approximately 50% of the 40,000 t of chloriaated paraffins consumed domestically are used in metal-working lubricants. Approximately 20% are consumed as plastic additives, mainly fire retardants, and similarly 12% in mbber. The remainder as plasticizers in paint (9%) and caulks, adhesives, and sealants at 6%. 

A partially cross-linked, isobutylene—isoprene—divinylbenzene terpolymer containing some unreacted substituted vinylbenzene appendages is commercially available from Polysar Division, Bayer AG. Because of the residual reactive functionality, it can be cross-linked by peroxides that degrade conventional butyl mbbets. It is employed primarily in the manufacture of sealant tapes and caulking compounds (31). 

Polybutenes enjoy extensive use as adhesives, caulks, sealants, and glaring compounds. They are used as plasticizers in mbber formulations with butyl mbber, SBR, and natural mbber. In linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) blends they induce cling to stretch-wrap films. Polybutenes when modified at their unsaturated end groups with polar fiinctionahty are widely employed in lubricants as dispersants. Blends of polybutene with polyolefins produce semisoHd gels that can be used as potting and electrical cable filling materials. 

Sealing of the belt along the edges of the filter drum is never perfect, and some leakage should be expected. If good clarity is essential, it may be preferable to use a drum filter with the cloth caulked in place and design the system to contend with the effects of bhnding. 

FIG. 18-114 Section detail of a caiilked-gasketed-recessed filter plate a) cake recess (h) filter cloth (c) drainage surface of plate (d) caulking strip (e) plate joint (f ) sealing gasket. (ElMCO Process Equipment Co.)... 

Scraper-Discharge Filter The filter medium is usually caulked into grooves in the drum grid, with cake removal facihtated by a scraper blade just prior to the resubmergence of the drum (Fig. 18-122). The scraper selves mainly as a deflector to direcl the cake, dislodged by an... 

The perforated drum cylinder is divided into sections about 50 to 60 mm (2 to 2.5 in) wide. The filter medium is positioned into tubes between the sections and locked into place by round rods. No caulking, wires, or other fasteners are needed. 

Paint, grease, caulk, solder, or otherwise seal known crevices before exposure to water. 

Bitumen was used in ancient times as an adhesive for sealing hydraulic structures and as mortar for masonry (5]. The Bible mentions that Noah used pitch for caulking the Ark. Not unlike the Tower of Babylon, the houses of one of the most ancient cities in the world, Mohenjo-Daro in the upper Indus valley, were constructed with bricks of clay and bitumen monar [61. 

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