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Categories.Hazard identification

The terminology used varies considerably. Hazard identification and risk assessment are sometimes combined into a general category called hazard evaluation. Risk assessment is sometimes called hazard analysis. A risk assessment procedure that determines probabilities is frequently called probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), whereas a procedure that determines probability and consequences is called quantitative risk analysis (QRA). [Pg.429]

Rosenkranz HS, Cunningham AR. Chemical categories for health hazard identification A feasibility study. Regul Toxicol Pharm 2001 33 313-18. [Pg.772]

A hazard identification table (Table 3-6) is provided to quickly scan the wildlife database for taxa or categories of toxicological end points that are of particular interest. Since Table 3-6 is intended for hazard identification, data concerning effects from parenteral exposures were included, as well as oral, inhalation, and dermal routes that are more directly relevant to human environmental exposures. [Pg.319]

A good knowledge of statistical features of certain accidents, therefore, is the basic requirement to implement APS. In other words, major hazard identification must be performed. Statistical study on accident cases would be a powerful tool to meet this requirement. For this purpose, we collected all the related coal gas explosion accidents that analyzed in China s Coal Mine Accident and Expert Comments Set from the years of 1950-2000 (Jiefan Wang Wenjun Li 2001). The research focused on statistical features such as space, time and gas accumulation reasons, gas grade, ignition sources, accidents categories, and accident economic loss. Through this research, certain model and representativeness results will be drawn. [Pg.659]

The initial hazard identification studies identify a total of 76 hazard categories, broken down by stakeholder affected. To aid in the development of taxonomies, the framework of Manuj Mentzer (2008) was used as a foundation. However, given the preliminary nature of these results, it is likely that these will be restructured. [Pg.975]

The hazard identification and analysis processes shown in SEMI SI0-1103 duplicate those in SEMI S2-0706. In the risk assessment process, the severity of outcome and likelihood of occurrence are to be identified and categorized. In Appendices, recommended categories for likelihood and severity are given, as well as matrices showing risk categories. The exhibits are comparable to those shown in Chapter 8, A Primer on Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment. ... [Pg.153]

Risk assessment is a process that commences with hazard identification and analysis that produces an estimate of the severity of harm or damage that may result if an incident or exposure occurs, followed by an estimate of the probability of an incident or exposure occurring and concluding with a risk category (e.g.. Low, Moderate, Serious, High). [Pg.46]

The four steps of the risk-assessment process are hazard identification, analysis of exposure, analysis of effect, and risk characterization. In the hazard identification step, the risk assessor identifies chemicals of concern, environmental pathways of exposure, and populations and subpopulations at risk. The exposure analysis develops exposure scenarios and estimates the chronic daily intake of each chemical of concern. In the analysis of effect, the risk assessor combines the chronic daily intake calculated in the exposure analysis with toxicity data from animal studies (and/or human epidemiological studies, if available) to estimate the risk of toxic effects in exposed populations, whereby risks to public health are divided into two broad categories noncancer health effects and cancer. The final step of the risk-assessment process, risk characterization, is a narrative that marshals all the evidence of risk to public health, including quantitative risk assessments and qualitative evidence of risk. The risk assessor weighs all the evidence and uses professional judgment to draw conclusions about risks. [Pg.151]

Again, brainstorming technique involving trained and experienced personnel are used for the whole process of hazard identification. The accident categories identified with regard to the containerships operation include (Wang and Foinikis (2(X)1)) ... [Pg.97]

Hazardous Air Pollutants. Tide 3 of the CAAA of 1990 addresses the release of hazardous air poUutants (HAPs) by requiring both the identification of major stationary sources and area source categories for 189 toxic chemicals and the promulgation of control standards. Major sources of air toxics, also referred to as HAPs, include any stationary source or group of sources emitting 10 or more tons/yr of any single Hsted toxic chemical or 25 tons/yr of a combination of any Hsted toxic. Area sources of HAPs include smaller plants that emit less than the 10 or 20 tons/yr thresholds. The major sources of HAPs are typically industrial faciHties. However, Tide 3 requites the EPA to study potential health affects associated with emissions of HAPs from electric UtiHty boilers (11). [Pg.91]

As with the case of mass, there are several approaches to metrics for this aspect. One can simply sum numbers and/or mass of chemicals possessing hazards in different areas for example, process safety, occupational exposure, or environmental hazard. Typically, most companies will use a banding approach for materials that allows a quick identification of the hazard category, and usually marries hazard with a suggested control approach for example, layers of protection, pressure relief valves, and so on. One is then able to rapidly identify issues and potential opportunities for elimination, substitution, or control. [Pg.232]

The AIChE s Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures, Second Edition (1992) [5] offers a wide variety of alternates to review systems for hazards. These review procedures can be used to evaluate some plant modifications. No single identification procedure can be considered the best for all companies or all situations. Two basic categories of evaluations are (1) adherence to good engineering practice and (2) predictive hazard evaluation. [Pg.282]

The Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments of 1990 list carbonyl sulfide as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health effects. Section 112(b) (1) of the CAA lists pollutants that are judged to be hazardous if emitted into the air. Carbonyl sulfide is included on this list. The statute calls for the identification of source categories that emit these HAPs, and the subsequent promotion of technology-based emission standards requiring compliance with maximum achievable control technology. [Pg.431]

Classification is the identification of the hazard(s) of a chemical or mixture by assigning a category of hazard/danger using defined criteria. Hazard classification generally involves the following steps ... [Pg.506]

Identification of Special Wastes under the Special Waste Regulations (SWR) under Section 2 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990. Hazardous categories include the category Ecotoxicity , defined as substances and preparations that present or may present immediate or delayed risks for one or more sectors of the environment. Most waste is likely to be classified according to its individual chemical components and information abstracted from toxicity databases. However, there is provision in the SWR for bioassays to be performed, specifically those in Annex V of EC Directive 67/548/EEC. [Pg.35]


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