Catabolic effect

Proteins and nucleic acid Increase urinary nitrogen during fasting Anti-anabolic (catabolic) effect... 

The catabolic effect on bone can cause osteoporosis in Gushing s syndrome. 

Intra-articular and periarticular administration Local injections of glucocorticoids into and around the joints can have a dramatic therapeutic effect, but the catabolic effect can have serious consequences, including adverse effects on joint structure (461) and on local tendons, subcutaneous atrophy, and possibly osteonecrosis. Provided the state of the joint is carefully inspected before any new injection is given, and the interval between the injections is not less than 4 weeks, the risk seems to be small enough to justify treatment in invalidating cases (SEDA-3, 307). 

Brownlee KG, Ng PC, Henderson MJ, Smith M, Green JH, Dear PR. Catabolic effect of dexamethasone in the preterm baby. Arch Dis Child 1992 67(1 Spec No) l-4. 

Most bodybuilders don t realize that the anabolic effects of Clenbuterol are not due to increased anabolic activity. Clenbuterol is actually effective through a different mechanism. It decreases both protein synthesis and break down. The reason anti-catabolic effects result is simply because it hinders protein break down more which shifts the ratio in favor of anabolism. This means that clenbuterol had significant anti-catabolic effects when stacked with a cortisol inhibitor post or during AAS cycles. Cytadren was an often noted example. Again, since clenbuterol increases thermal genesis, (calories released as heat) the common use of thyroid T-3 or T-4 in a stack with it caused a significant increase in body temperature. This was monitored closely by most. 

Glucocorticoids can also be injected directly into the arthritic joint, a technique that can be invaluable in the management of acute exacerbations. There is, of course, considerable controversy about whether intra-articular glucocorticoids will produce harmful catabolic effects in joints that are already weakened by arthritic changes. At the very least, the number of injections into an arthritic joint should be limited, and a common rule of thumb is to not exceed more than four injections in one joint within one year.77... 

The side effects of glucocorticoids are numerous (see Chapter 29). These drugs exert a general catabolic effect on all types of supportive tissue (i.e., muscle, tendon, bone). Osteoporosis is a particular a problem in the patient with arthritis because many of these... 

The major limitation of the glucocorticoids in any disease is the risk of serious adverse effects. Because of the general catabolic effect of these drugs on supporting tissues, problems with osteoporosis, skin breakdown, and muscle wasting can occur during prolonged... 

Parathyroid Hormone. The role of the parathyroid gland and PTH in controlling calcium metabolism was previously discussed. A prolonged or continuous increase in the secretion of PTH increases blood calcium levels by several methods, including increased resorption of calcium from bone. High levels of PTH accelerate bone breakdown (catabolic effect) to mobilize calcium for other physiologic needs. 

The effects of vitamin D metabolites on bone itself are somewhat unclear. Some metabolites seem to promote bone resorption and others seem to favor bone formation.10 The overall influence of vitamin D, however, is to enhance bone formation by increasing the supply of the two primary minerals needed for bone formation (calcium and phosphate). Vitamin D also directly suppresses the synthesis and release of PTH from the parathyroid glands, an effect that tends to promote bone mineralization by limiting the catabolic effects of PTH.46,92... 

Types of Hormones Adrenocorticosteroids Prednisone Prednisolone Others Primary Antineoplastic Indications(s) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia chronic lymphocytic leukemia Hodgkin disease Common Adverse Effects Adrenocortical suppression general catabolic effect on supporting tissues [see Chapter 29]... 

Adverse Effects. The immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids are balanced by several side effects. As described in Chapter 29, glucocorticoids typically produce a catabolic effect on collagenous tissues, and... 

The most significant impact of these drugs on rehabilitation is related to their side effects, especially those of the immunosuppressants. These drugs are typically used in high doses to produce immunosuppressive effects, which are often achieved at the expense of serious and toxic side effects. Many immunosuppressants, especially the glucocorticoids, exert catabolic effects on bone, muscle, and other tissues. Other immunosuppressants, such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus, are neurotoxic and may cause peripheral neuropathies and CNS-related problems in balance and posture. 

Anabolic effects Anabolic steroids can be used to treat senile osteoporosis and severe burns, to speed recovery from surgery or from chronic debilitating diseases, and to counteract the catabolic effects of externally administered adrenal cortical hormones. 

Thinning of legs and arms because of catabolic effects of cortisol on muscle and adipose tissue. Muscle wasting, weakness and difficulty in movement may occur as a result of the protein catabolism. 

Exercise is known to have acute catabolic effects on muscle protein turnover. During exercise protein snythesis is depressed which leads to protein catabolism. However, the impact of a relatively short exercise bout on 24-hour protein needs is unclear. Anaerobic exercise can produce hypertrophy of specific muscles depending on the type of training utilized. The hypertrophy is due to a positive balance in protein turnover which appears to be produced by an increase in the rate of protein synthesis after exercise. The increased need for protein during anaerobic exercise is unlikely to be more than 7 grams per day. 

Elrugs with primarily glucocorticoid effects, e.g. prednisolone, are chosen, so that dosage is not limited by the mineralocorticoid effects that are inevitable with hydrocortisone. But it remains essential to use only the minimum dose that will achieve the desired effect. Sometimes therapeutic effect must be partly sacrificed to avoid adverse effects, for it has not yet proved possible to separate the glucocorticoid effects from each other indeed it is not known if it is possible to eliminate catabolic effects and at the same time retain anti-inflammatory action. In any case, in some conditions, e.g. nephrotic syndrome, the clinician cannot specify exactly what action they want the drug developer to provide. 

Anabolic steroids do not usefully counter the unwanted catabolic effects of the adrenocortical hormones. 

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