Anaerobic exercise

The lactate accumulation during intense anaerobic exercise was implicated as a possible fatigue factor as early as the beginning of this century (Fletcher and Hopkins, 1907). A detailed presentation of the role of H" and Pi in the contractile process has been presented in the section on fatigue in isolated fibers. 

Bell, Douglas. Effect of Caffeine and Ephedrine Ingestion on Anaerobic Exercise and Performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 33 (August 2001) 1399-1403. 

ANAEROBIC EXERCISE Exercise that isn t fueled by oxygen intake (as aerobic exercise is). Anaerobic exercise is defined by short, vigorous, and frequent muscle contractions, and includes activities like sprinting and weight lifting. 

Acute Renal Failure with Severe Loin Pain and Patchy Renal Ischemia After Anaerobic Exercise.-... 

In 1982, we classified exercise-related acute renal failure into two types myoglobinuric acute renal failure, as had previously been reported, and non-myoglobin-related acute renal failure (exercise-induced acute renal failure). In 2002, the latter was named ALPE (Acute renal failure with severe Loin pain and Patchy renal ischemia after anaerobic Exercise) [4]. The term acute kidney injury (AKI) has recently been proposed as a patho-physiologically more correct alternative to the term acute renal failure. Therefore, exercise-induced acute renal failure in this book may be replaced by exercise-induced acute kidney injury. 

Minimum rhabdomyolysis—non-myoglobinuric acute renal failure due to exercise-induced acute renal failure—ALPE (acute renal failure with severe loin pain and patchy renal ischemia after anaerobic exercise) after sprint, short track event such as 200-m race, etc. 

The other type is non-myoglobinuric acute renal failure, in which intense exercise over a short period of time, such as sprinting, causes minimal rhabdomyolysis without myoglobinuria, i.e., acute renal failure syndrome with severe loin pain and patchy renal vasoconstriction [2]. A recent study showed that anaerobic exercise caused this syndrome, and proposed that Acute renal failure with severe Loin pain and Patchy renal ischemia after anaerobic Exercise (ALPE) (exercise-induced acute renal failure) was a new type of acute renal failure syndrome [4]. 

Recent intense (anaerobic) exercise such as a short-distance sprint. 

In the first patient and the fourth patient in our initial series (p. 7), the association of ALPE with anaerobic exercise had not yet been recognized, and their medical histories may have been insufficient, or the patients may not have reported intense exercise over a short duration. In acute renal failure patients with loin pain of unknown etiology, the presence or absence of anaerobic exercise should always be ascertained when taking their medical history. Erley et al. [28] did not comment on exercise in their study. However, when Sato et al. inquired about exercise in 1998 [34], Erley et al. reported that the patient had undertaken exercise. 

As shown in Fig. 54, the types of exercise taken by the patients consisted of a track race (a short-distance sprint such as a 200-m race), soccer, a swimming race, baseball, weightlifting, and a bicycle race, in all of which an intense power output per second or per minute is repeated. However, a single 100-m race was less likely to cause exercise-induced acute renal failure (ALPE). Several 200-m or 100-m races frequently caused ALPE. Repeated anaerobic exercise may be a risk factor. 

Fig. 54. Type of exercise causing ALPE. In most patients, anaerobic exercise was involved...

Type of muscle fiber Type I Red muscle Aerobic exercise Type II White muscle Anaerobic exercise... 

Risk factors for exercise-induced acute renal failure (ALPE) include anaerobic exercise, renal hypouricemia, administration of antipyretic analgesics for cold, and dehydration. We review renal hypouricemia here and in Chap.10. 

We performed delayed CT after the administration of contrast medium in 11 patients with both ALPE and renal hypouricemia. In 10 of the 11 patients, patchy renal ischemia was noted [4], suggesting that renal ischemic conditions after anaerobic exercise were similar regardless of the presence or absence of renal hypouricemia. 

In 34% of patients, anaerobic exercise after taking analgesic agents for a cold induced ALPE. The oral administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be a risk factor. 

Fig. 67. Exercise load protocol. An anaerobic exercise load test was performed first, followed by an aerobic exercise load test...

Fig. 68. Exercise loading and creatinine clearance. In the exercise loadingprotocol described in Fig. 67, creatinine clearance after anaerobic exercise was reduced in a patient with a history of ALPE...

ALPE frequently developed after anaerobic exercise, and caused severe loin pain, nausea/vomiting, and slight fever without dark urine. Furthermore, the serum myoglobin and CPK levels were normal or slightly increased, and delayed computed tomography (CT) showed wedge-shaped contrast enhancement. 

Exercise-induced acute renal failure (ALPE) frequently develops in young healthy males after repeated anaerobic exercise such as a 200-m race. The recurrence rate is high. 

Shin YM, Han HS, Goo JC, Park SS, Lim SW, Kim M-O, Kwon SK, Kim H-Y, Han GS (2005) Clinical manifestations of acute renal failure with loin pain developed after anaerobic exercise (in Korean with English abstract). Korean J Nephrol 24 64-70... 

Yamamoto M, Ito H (1997) Aerobic and anaerobic exercises (in Japanese). Clin Sport Med (Tokyo) 14 187-192... 

TRAINING FOR ANAEROBIC EXERCISE POTENTIAL ADAPTATION SITES... 

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