Case study environmental impact

Selected case studies Environmental impact Economic... 

L. W. Bamthouse, R. J. Klauda, D. S. Vaughan, and R. L. Kendak, eds.. Science, Eaw, and Hudson Fiver Power Plants, A Case Study in Environmental Impact Assessment, American Fisheries Society Monograph 4, Bethesda, Md., 1988. 

DOE. 1985a. Environmental impact of a teratogenic actinide A case study of americium-241. Washington, DC U.S. Department of Energy. NTIS/DE86001795. 

Abstract Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a useful tool to assess impacts of cradle-to-grave chains of products/services. In the Riskcycle framework, the focus is on additives. Additives are usually minor constituents of products, but depending on their specific properties they can be important in the total scope of impacts of such products. In the LCA literature, additives are hardly visible. Most case studies of products containing additives do not mention them. The reasons for this are unclear, but are at least partly due to the fact that information on additives is not included in standard LCA databases. This is true for both life cycle inventory (LCI) and life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) databases. Therefore, it is difficult to conclude whether or not additives indeed are important contributors to environmental impacts over the life cycle. 

The goal of the LCA case study on printed matter [8] was to identify the distribution of potential environmental impacts (hot spots) and resource consumption during the life cycle of generic sheet fed offset printed matter produced at a European model printing house. The functional unit is 1 ton of sheet fed offset printed matter (books, pamphlets, brochures, etc.). 

Known emissions from the production stage, which are not covered by characterisation factors and which may contribute significantly to the toxicity impact categories, include emissions of components occurring in small quantities in the raw materials (typically well below 5%) like siccatives (organic metal compounds), softeners (phthalates), antioxidants (aromatics) and wetteners (surfactants). Due to lack of readily available knowledge of their exact identity and/or lack of readily available data on their inherent environmental properties, it has not been possible to include them in the case study. 

Demidova, O. (2002). Use of Risk Assessment in Environmental Impact Assessment for Projects with Significant Health Implications Case Studies of UK Waste Incineration Developments, M.Sc. Thesis. Central European University, Budapest. 

Jungclaus GA, Lopez-Avila V, Hites RA. 1978. Organic compounds in an industrial wastewater A case study of their environmental impact. Environ Sci Technol 12 88-96. 

An important and recently reported issue, namely slow sorption/desorption rates, their causes at the intra-particle level of various solid phases, and how these phenomena relate to contaminant transport, bio availability, and remediation, is also discussed and evaluated. A case study showing the environmental impact of solid waste materials which are mainly complex organic mixtures and/or their reuse/recycling as highway construction and repair materials is presented and evaluated from the point of view of sorption/desorption behavior and data modeling. 

The main objectives of this chapter are to (1) review the different modeling techniques used for sorption/desorption processes of organic pollutants with various solid phases, (2) discuss the kinetics of such processes with some insight into the interpretation of kinetic data, (3) describe the different sorption/ desorption experimental techniques, with estimates of the transport parameters from the data of laboratory tests, (4) discuss a recently reported issue regarding slow sorption/desorption behavior of organic pollutants, and finally (5) present a case study about the environmental impact of solid waste materials/complex... 

In the next few sections, a case study of the environmental impact of highway construction and repair materials as well as hazardous solid waste materials is presented and discussed from the view points of sorption/desorption processes. 

BASF has published the results of a Life-Cycle Analysis environmental study of the commercial manufacturing process for Lupranol Balance 50 polyol [151]. The study indicates a positive trend on the environmental impact of manufacturing the polyols by the new process. The actual impact of the current offering is difficult to gauge fi om this study, since in some cases the theoretical improvements... 

Bonotto, D. M. 1998. Generic performance assessment for a deep repository for low and intermediate level waste in the UK - a case study in assessing radiological impacts on the natural environment. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 66, 89-119. 

Bussotti, F., Cenni, E., Cozzi, A. Ferretti, M. 1997. The impact of geothermal power plants on forest vegetation. A case study at Travale (Tuscany, Central Italy). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 45, 181-194. 

In this case study, we use the environmental impact indices below, which can be derived from Eq. (1), to characterize environmental performance of reaction processes [7,8] ... 

The specific potential environmental impact values for each category for the chemicals used in this case study [9]... 

In the case study, the quantitative environmental impact assessment and the PEI indexes are cited from the WAR algorithm, it is worth noting that, however, quantitative impact assessment and environmental indexes are likely to improve with time, and that these improvements can be incorporate... 

Handbook of Green Chemistry and Technology, J. H. Clark and D. J. Macquarrie, Eds., Blackwell Publishing 2002, 540 pp., ISBN 0-632-05715-7. This collection of 22 review essays covers all the important areas of green chemistry, including environmental impact and life-cycle analysis, waste minimization, catalysts and their industrial applications, new synthesis methods, dean energy, and novel solvent systems. The chapters are well referenced and contain pertinent examples and case studies. 

This example demonstrates that differences between the impacts of particulate emissions are essentially smaller because of the high variability, inhomogeneity, and mobility of the atmosphere than in the discussed case study of the hydrosphere, which is an example of an environmental medium largely uninfluenced by human civilization. 

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