Case studies patient with leukemia

The prevalence of CNS disease at diagnosis of AML ranges from 5% to 30% in various treatment series. Features associated with the risk of CNS leukemia include hyperleukocytosis, monocytic or myelomonocytic leukemia (FAB M4 or M5), and young age. In most cases, intrathecal cytarabine with or without methotrexate and systemic high-dose cytarabine provide adequate CNS prophylaxis.3 Results from studies have shown that patients with CNS disease at diagnosis can be cured with intrathecal therapy alone without the use of cranial irradiation.11... 

Systemic Effects. Diseases of the hematopoietic tissues have been reported in patients given repeated injections of radium-224. Anemia, panmyelophthisis, and chronic myeloid leukemia were seen in excess of the control levels in these cases (compared with a higher incidence of acute leukemia in the control group) (Wick et al. 1986). Anemia has also been reported in case studies of the radium dial painters (Martland 1931), but the disease patterns have not been clearly established (Sharpe 1974). 

HTLV-I can be consistently infected into rabbits, rats and squirrel monkeys (Lairmore et al., 2005). HTLV-I infectivity for rabbits was first reported by using intravenous inoculations of the MT-2 cell line (Akagi et al., 1985), a T-cell leukemia cell line established from a patient with ATL, and with the Ra-1 cell line (Miyoshi etal., 1985), a rabbit lymphocyte cell line derived from cocultivation of rabbit lymphocytes with MT-2 cells. The rabbit model has provided important information regarding the immune response against HTLV-1 infection (Cockerell et al., 1990). Establishment of a rabbit model of clinical HTLV-1 disease has been more problematic. In the majority of studies, rabbit infection has paralleled the asymptomatic infection of humans. Sporadic clinical lymphoprolif-erative disorders in HTLV-1-infected rabbits were reported (Simpson et al., 1996 Kindt et al., 2000 Zhao et al., 2002). In each of these cases, clinical disease developed after one year and usually several years after the initial infection. 

HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 The human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is endemic in some areas of Japan, the Caribbean, and Africa, and has been associated with adult T cell leukemia. In Japan, seroconversion has been observed when anti-HTLV-I-negative patients were transfused with seropositive blood or blood components in one study the conversion rate was 62% (177). However, no case of transfusion-associated adult T cell leukemia has been reported to date (184,185). HTLV-II was originally isolated from a patient with hairy cell leukemia, but... 

In a placebo-controlled study of severely anemic patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or multiple myeloma, a fatal case of pulmonary embolism was thought to have been related to treatment with epoetin beta (95). Thrombotic events, such as vascular access thrombosis, venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism, have occurred after treatment with epoetin or darbepoetin alfa (96). It is therefore recommended that a rapid rise in the hemoglobin concentration be avoided and that care should be taken that the hemoglobin concentration does not exceed 12.1 g/dl (7.5 mmol/1) (97). 

In another study of 413 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with tretinoin plus daunorubicin, the retinoic acid syndrome occurred in 64 cases, of which 5 were fatal (6). 

Sadia H, Siddiqui RT, Nasim A. A unique BCR-ABLl transcript with the insertion of intronic sequence from BCR and ABLl genes in a patient with Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia a case study. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2010 201 57-61. 

Interferon - This continued to be an extremely active area both in the laboratory and in human studies. The role played by Interferon in the course of natural varicella infection was studied in human patients with and without impairment of host-defense mechanisms. In infected patients with normal defense mechanisms, interferon titres present in cutaneous vesicles were initially high, and appeared to prevent virus dissemination and allow rapid recovery. On the other hand, in patients with Hodgkins disease, lymphomas and leukemias where there is an Impairment of host-defense mechanisms, low titres of cutaneous interferon were initially present, and viral dissemination was rapid and in some cases led to death. In those cases which were resolved favorably the remission followed the late appearance of high interferon titres. 

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