Leukemia case study

Caldwell, D.J. 1999. Review of mononuclear cell leukemia in F-344 rat bioassays and its significance to human cancer risk A case study using alkyl phthalates. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 30 45-53. 

Systemic Effects. Diseases of the hematopoietic tissues have been reported in patients given repeated injections of radium-224. Anemia, panmyelophthisis, and chronic myeloid leukemia were seen in excess of the control levels in these cases (compared with a higher incidence of acute leukemia in the control group) (Wick et al. 1986). Anemia has also been reported in case studies of the radium dial painters (Martland 1931), but the disease patterns have not been clearly established (Sharpe 1974). 

Webb, G.F. Resonance phenomena in cell population chemotherapy models. Rocky Mountain J. Math. 1990, 20 1195-1216. Andersen, L.K., Mackey, M.C. Resonance in periodic chemotherapy a case study of acute myelogenous leukemia. J. Theor. Biol. 2001, 209 113-130. 

To explore the possible cause of reported cancer excesses, and particularly to examine the possible relationship between the town s toxic waste situation and the childhood leukemia case concentration, MDPH and CDC, in 1980, conducted a joint study. Incidence patterns for selected types of cancer were studied by using data collected from local and regional hospital sources. Increased frequencies for childhood leukemia and for kidney cancer were confirmed, with the childhood leukemia excess being located in one particular census tract. 

The limitations of these observations can be described in terms of the general problems associated with such toxic waste studies. The health outcome of concern (cancer, specifically childhood leukemia) is a relatively rare disease. The toxic chemical exposure of particular persons having these diseases could not be directly documented, since the organic chemicals found in well water were transient. Therefore, no means were available for linking particular leukemia cases to particular toxic substances. For the present, then, we are left with an apparent leukemia case cluster and no good evidence for associating cases with the striking environmental toxic waste problems clearly present in the town. 

The same group reported that between 1979 and 1981, Chinese workers using benzene or benzene-containing mixtures were examined. Nine cases of leukemia were found out of4,602 exposed workers. Presumably, some of these may have been included in the study discussed above. Although one worker was exposed for only 2 years, the others were exposed for between 7 and 25 years. No estimate of exposure levels was given for the leukemia cases, but exposure estimates for aplastic anemia cases found in the same study were 29-362 ppm (Yin et al. 1987c). 

Case Study Changes in Potency Caused by Lot-to-Lot Differences in CAMP In this example, THP-1 cells (a human leukemia cell line) were found to be responsive to a biotherapeutic agent in development. The biotherapeutic caused a stimulation of cAMP that accumulated in the cells exposed to drug and could be released after lysing the cells. Therefore, determination of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in THP-1 cell culture lysates was used as an indicator... 

Sadia H, Siddiqui RT, Nasim A. A unique BCR-ABLl transcript with the insertion of intronic sequence from BCR and ABLl genes in a patient with Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia a case study. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2010 201 57-61. 

The prevalence of CNS disease at diagnosis of AML ranges from 5% to 30% in various treatment series. Features associated with the risk of CNS leukemia include hyperleukocytosis, monocytic or myelomonocytic leukemia (FAB M4 or M5), and young age. In most cases, intrathecal cytarabine with or without methotrexate and systemic high-dose cytarabine provide adequate CNS prophylaxis.3 Results from studies have shown that patients with CNS disease at diagnosis can be cured with intrathecal therapy alone without the use of cranial irradiation.11... 

Stanulla M, Schrappe M, Brechlin AM et al. Polymorphisms within glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) and risk of relapse in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia a case-control study. Blood 2000 95 1222-1228. 

These chemicals, as noted previously, are likely far more dangerous to children (especially neurotoxins such as chlorpyrifos) than has been generally suggested to date. Family pesticide use, including lawn herbicide application, has been shown to be related to childhood brain cancer. Malignancies for children linked to pesticides in case reports or case-control studies include leukemia. 

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