Case expression

Determine the rate constant for each of the following first-order reactions, in each case expressed for the rate of loss of A ... 

Step 1. Determine whether the release is considered continuous or instantaneous. For this case expression 5-64 applies, and the quantity must be greater than 2.5 for a continuous release. Substituting the required numbers gives... 

Because of these hypotheses, in the homogeneous case, expressions (15) and (16) take the form ... 

As in the homogeneous case, expression of the plateau current in equation (5.20) gives a simple representation of the competition between substrate and cosubstrate in the kinetic control of the enzymatic reaction. Equation (5.19) suggests the construction of primary and secondary plots allowing the derivation of the kinetic constants, as will be shown in the next section. 

Clearly, if one is using only a single solvent, these three requisites are mutually exclusive the criteria may well be satisfied with different solvent in each case. Expression (104) means that poly-A and poly-B are iso-refractive and that they have a very different refractive index from that of the solvent. Such systems are comparatively... 

While the initial goal of the discovery process is to express and purify the recombinant protein, without regard to cost and as quickly as possible, ultimately the production of a recombinant protein must be optimized to ensure that it can be produced at a reasonable cost. In most cases expression systems used to produce small quantities of recombinant protein for preliminary evaluation are not suitable to produce large quantities. Therefore, the gene inserted in the initial expression vectors must be systematically modified and recloned into vectors that can produce (1) a high yield of expressed protein, (2) stable host cell transfections, and (3) protein excretion. 

The first term in the right-hand side of (1.61a) is termed the Ohmic potential drop (f [5 2 QjCi] ldx is the dimensionless solution resistance between x and x2) whereas the second term is termed diffusion potential. In the ambipolar case expression (1.61a) reduces to... 

Equations 2.85 and 2.86 may be considered the Schrodinger representation of the absorption of radiation by quantum systems in terms of spectroscopic transitions between states i) and /). In the Schrodinger picture, the time evolution of a system is described as a change of the state of the system, as implemented here in the form of the time-dependent perturbation theory. The results hardly resemble the classical relationships outlined above, compare Eqs. 2.68 and 2.86, even if we rewrite Eq. 2.86 in terms of an emission profile. Alternatively, one may choose to describe the time evolution in terms of time-dependent observables, the Heisenberg picture . In that case, expressions result that have great similarity with the classical expressions quoted above as we will see next. 

The answer is revealed when the available data are converted to consistent units. The 250 mm Hg turbine case pressure is equal to a height of water of 11 ft. Atmospheric pressure in London was 14.5 psia that day, which is equal to 33 ft of water. The difference between atmospheric pressure and the pressure in the turbine case, expressed in feet of water, is then... 

In conclusion, it is only necessary that operators obey (13.40) if in addition in certain special cases expression Ti = (—l)p+pT p is valid,... 

Approximately 70% of PTCLs exhibit aberrant expression of the pan-T cell antigens. The most frequently lost pan-T cell antigen is CD7, which is absent in approximately 50% of cases, whereas the remaining pan-T cell antigens (CD2, CD3, and CD5) are absent in 10-30% of cases (CIO, D19, P6, P10). Most tumors express CD4, with only small percentage of cases expressing the CD4— CD8+, CD4- CD8-, or CD4+ CD8+ phenotype (D19, P6, P10). In paraffin tissue sections, polyclonal CD3 is a reliable marker of T cells, detecting more than 90% of PTCLs (Cl, CIO, C14, Mil). A variable number of cases express cytotoxic proteins however, the number of positive PTCL cases is less than that of either systemic ALCL or T/NK cell lymphomas (B22, Cll, F8, K14). 

In this case, expression (6.33) for an oscillatory shear gradient gives the dynamic modulus of the system... 

In the DAE system (5.25), the variables z IRC+TO 1 are implicitly fixed by the algebraic constraints, rather than specified explicitly, and thus the index of the system is again nontrivial (i.e., higher than 1). Also, note that, as in the previous reduction step, the index of (5.25) is well-defined only if the flow rates us are specified as a function of the state variables (in this case, expressed in the new coordinates ), i.e., us = us( ). Specifying these flow rates via feedback control laws allows z to be determined through differentiation of the algebraic constraints in Equation (5.25). Differentiating these constraints once yields... 

The first branch that has a case item whose value matches the value of the case expression is selected. A case item may be a constant or a variable. 

A case statement behaves like a nested if statement, that is, the value of the case expression (Op) is checked with the first case item (ADD), if it does not match, the second case item (SUB) is checked and so on. The equivalent i f statement for the above case statement is shown next. 

In a casez statement, the value z is considered as a don t-care when it appears in a case item expression. The character can also be used alternatively for the character z. Values z and x are not allowed in a case expression. Additionally, value x cannot appear in a case item expression. Here is an example of a casez statement. 

In a casex statement, the values x and z ( for a z is ok too) in a case item expression are considered as don t-care values. These values, for synthesis purposes, cannot appear as part of the case expression. Here is an example of a casex statement used to model a priority encoder. 

In the previous section, we saw that a latch may be inferred for a variable that is not assigned a value for all possible values of a case expression. Sometimes it is the case that the designer does not expect the case expression to have any value other than those listed in the case items. Here is an example. 

A synthesis tool on encountering such a directive on a case statement understands that all possible values (that can occur in the design) of the case expression have been listed and no other values are possible. Consequently, a variable assigned in all branches of the case statement will never infer a latch. Here is the case statement in the NextStateLogic module with the directive specified. 

Verilog HDL semantics of a case statement specifies a priority order in which a case branch is selected. The case expression is checked with the first case item, if it is not the same, the next case item is checked, if not the same, the next case item is checked, and so on. A priority order of case item checking is implied by the case statement. Additionally, in Verilog HDL, it is possible for two or more case item values to be the same or there may be overlapping case item values such as in casex and casez statements however, because of the priority order, only the first one in the listed sequence of case items is selected. 

What if the designer knows that all case item values are mutually exclusive In such a case, a decoder can be synthesized for a case statement control (the case expression is checked for all possible values of the case item values in parallel) instead of the priority logic (which could potentially be nested deep depending on the number of branches in the case statement). 

The term flux is analogous to a flow of material, in this case expressed as micrograms of substance depositing per square metre of ground surface per unit time. In the case of rough surfaces the square metre of area refers to the area of hypothetical horizontal flat surface beneath the true surface rather than the sum of the area of all the rough elements such as plant leaves, which make up the true surface. 

---