Tools for Synthesis

Batcho indole synthesis is a useful tool for synthesis of naniral products. As oudined in Scheme 10.6, the Batcho indole synthesis is used for total synthesis of the slime mold alkaloid arcyriacyanin. Such indolocarbazole alkaloids represent a growing number of naniral products isolated from soil organism, slime molds, and marine sources. They are important as andnimor compounds and protein kinase C and topoisomerase inhibitors. 

Monoanions derived from nitroalkanes are more prone to alkylate on oxygen rather than on carbon in reactions with alkyl halides, as discussed in Section 5.1. Methods to circumvent O-alkylation of nitro compounds are presented in Sections 5.1 and 5.4, in which alkylation of the a.a-dianions of primary nitro compounds and radial reactions are described. Palladium-catalyzed alkylation of nitro compounds offers another useful method for C-alkylation of nitro compounds. Tsuj i and Trost have developed the carbon-carbon bond forming reactions using 7t-allyl Pd complexes. Various nucleophiles such as the anions derived from diethyl malonate or ethyl acetoacetate are employed for this transformation, as shown in Scheme 5.7. This process is now one of the most important tools for synthesis of complex compounds.6811-1 Nitro compounds can participate in palladium-catalyzed alkylation, both as alkylating agents (see Section 7.1.2) and nucleophiles. This section summarizes the C-alkylation of nitro compounds using transition metals. 

The use of the electrode as a valuable tool for synthesis of heterocyclic compounds has been known for many years [1]. There are several good reviews... 

Transition-metal-promoted cycloaddition is of much interest as a powerful tool for synthesis of carbocyclic stmcture in a single step. Utilization of carbon monoxide as a component of the cycloaddition reaction is now widely known as the Pauson-Khand reaction, which results in cyclopentenone formation starting from an alkyne, an alkene, and carbon monoxide mediated by cobalt catalyst. Although mechanistic understanding is limited, a commonly accepted mechanism is shown in Scheme 4.16. Formation of dicobalt-alkyne complex followed by alkene... 

The fluorinase as a tool for synthesis and formation of C- F bonds for positron emission tomography... 

THE FLUORINASE AS A TOOL FOR SYNTHESIS AND FORMATION OF C- F BONDS FOR POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY... 

Kenig EY, Jakobsson K, Banik P, Aittamaa J, Gorak A, Koskinen M, Wettmann P. An integrated tool for synthesis and design of reactive distillation. Chem Eng Sci 1999 54 1347-1352. 

Palladium catalyzed C-H activation is a powerful tool for synthesis of biaryls from tethered aryl halide and triflate substrates of type 1 (Scheme 1). This technique... 

The transition metal-catalyzed addition of alcohols to unsaturated systems has not been widely investigated. Reports on addition of alcohols to 1,3-diene [24] or allene [25] have appeared but have very limited scope. We recently reported the palladium/benzoic acid-catalyzed inter- and intramolecular addition of alcohols to alkynes in which various acyclic and cyclic allylic ethers are produced [26], The Pd-catalyzed addition of alcohols to alkylidenecyclopropanes proceeds smoothly providing a powerful tool for synthesis of allylic ethers [27a]. An intramolecular version of the hydroalkoxylation has been demonstrated in which the phenol-tethered alkylidenecyclopropanes undergo facile cyclization to give exomethylene products [27b],... 

Little RD, Moeller KD (2002) Organic electrosynthesis as a tool for synthesis. Electrochem Soc Interface 11 36-42... 

R. Aumann, and H. Nienaber, (l-Alkynyl)carbene Complexes Tools for Synthesis, Adv. Organomet. Chem. 41, 163-242 (1997). 

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