Carcinoma Adenocarcinoma

The normal prostate is composed of acinar secretory cells arranged in a radial shape and surrounded by a foundation of supporting tissue. The size, shape, or presence of acini are almost always altered in the gland that has been invaded by prostatic carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma, the major pathologic cell type, accounts for more than 95% of prostate cancer cases.15 Much rarer tumor types include small cell neuroendocrine cancers, sarcomas, and transitional cell carcinomas. 

Adenomas and adenocarcinomas Squamous-cell papillomas Hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas Adenocarcinomas... 

Carcinoma, squamous-cell papilloma or carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenomatous polyp, unspecified malignant neoplasm... 

Tumors of the bladder F ibroepitheliomas Solid carcinomas Adenocarcinomas Spindle-shaped carcinomas... 

Carcinogenesis. Surviving victims of mustard exposure during the Iran-haq War are exhibiting carcinoma of the nasopharynx, bronchogenic carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the stomach, as well as acute myeloblastic and lymphoblastic leukemia (Balali-Mood and Hefazi, 2006). Definitive studies of the nature and types of cancers seen in this patient population and correlations with severity of exposure have yet to be published. 

TABLE 12.16 Immunohistochemical Reactivities of Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Adenocarcinoma, and Small Cell Lung Carcinoma for CK5/6, TTF-1, and p63 ... 

Nickel carbonyl inhalation (80 ppm) for a period of 30 min or chronic, multiple exposures of male Wistar rats to Ni(CO)4 (4 ppm) for 30 min 3 times weekly for the remainder of their hves induced squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma or anaplastic carcinoma of the lung (Sunderman and Donnelly 1965). 

Fig. 2.4.7. Chest X-ray examination of a patient with locally inoperable bronchial carcinoma (adenocarcinoma) before and after two ITP as an inductive treatment...

In an animal study of rats exposed by inhalation to ethylene oxide at 10, 33, or 100 ppm for approximately two years (245), and in a separate chronic rat study in which rats were exposed to 50 or 100 ppm of ethylene oxide (240), increased incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia, peritoneal mesothelioma, and various brain tumors have been reported. In an NTP (246) two-year inhalation study of mice at 50 and 100 ppm, alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas and adenomas, papillary cystadenomas of the harderian gland, and malignant lymphomas, uterine adenocarcinomas, and mammary gland tumors were increased in one or both exposure groups. 

Hamster s.c. Lung (Adenoma, Adenocarcinoma) Trachea (P q >illoina) Nasal Cavity (Carcinoma) 45... 

Malignant cells are divided into categories based on the cells of origin. Carcinomas arise from epithelial cells, whereas sarcomas arise from muscle or connective tissue. Adenocarcinomas arise from glandular tissue. Carcinoma in situ refers to cells limited to epithelial origin that have not yet invaded the basement membrane. 

Rat injection intratracheal 1 pm diameter a 1.4 l44Cedj, pH 6.8 — 202 squamous cell fibrosarcoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma 52/161 Yes metastatic No number No No 1963a 1964b, Cember and Stemmer (1964) Cember (1962) ... 

Exposure Group Adenomas Adenocarcinomas + Squamous Cell Carcinomas Squamous Cysts Only All Tumors... 

Ch. 25). This means that mutations in these proteins that result in alterations in their regulatory properties can lead to oncogenesis. Ras in particular has been implicated in several human cancers [32]. It has been estimated that as many as 30% of all human cancers contain mutations in one of the three Ras genes. While the frequency of Ras mutations in some types of human cancer is very low, its frequency in certain cancers, such as squamous cell carcinoma, lymphatic cancers and colorectal adenocarcinoma, is very high. 

Most breast carcinomas are adenocarcinomas and are classified as ductal or lobular. 

The major cell types are SCLC (-15% of all lung cancers), adenocarcinoma (-50%), squamous cell carcinoma (less than 30%), and large cell carcinoma. The last three types are grouped together and referred to as NSCLC. 

Bhattacharjee, A., et al., "Classification of Human Lung Carcinomas by mRNA Expression Profiling Reveals Distinct Adenocarcinoma Subclasses," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 98, 13790-13795 (2001). 

Preliminary evidence suggest that c-erbB-2 may also be a prognostic marker for other cancers such as gastric (Y2), ovarian (S7), cervical (K5), and nonsmall cell carcinoma of the lung (K3). Thus, c-erbB-2 has the potential to be a prognostic marker for many different types of adenocarcinomas. 

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