Carcinogenic effects occupational exposure

Mineral Oil Hydraulic Fluids. There is limited information on the toxicity of mineral oil hydraulic fluids in humans. A single case report of a child accidentally ingesting a single dose of automotive transmission fluid provides limited information on death and systemic effects. A case-control study provides some information on the carcinogenicity of mineral oil hydraulic fluids. The study population was exposed via inhalation and dermal routes. An occupational exposure study provides information on neurotoxicity following chronic dermal exposure. Information on the toxicity of mineral oil hydraulic fluids is limited to a series of inhalation, oral, and dermal acute-duration exposures. These studies provide information on death, systemic effects, and neurotoxicity by inhalation, oral, and dermal routes, and immunotoxicity following dermal exposure. 

In the debate about the toxic effects of dyes and chemicals, there is no doubt that carcinogenic effects are perceived by the general public as the most threatening. Chemicals remain a focus for this concern in spite of the weight of evidence that they make only a minor contribution to the incidence of cancer [60,67,83]. The generally accepted estimate of cancer causation, based on mortality statistics, indicates that only 4% of all cancer deaths are attributable to occupational exposure. Another 2% are considered to arise from environmental causes and 1% from other forms of exposure to industrial products. 

In the occupational studies of phenol, chronic exposure was not clearly related to a carcinogenic effect (Dosemeci et al. 1991 Kauppinen et al. 1986). Phenol was also not clearly carcinogenic in an oral carcinogenicity study in rats and mice (NCI 1980). Additional carcinogenicity studies of inhalation... 

The possible carcinogenicity of nitrous oxide has been studied in dentists and chairside assistants with occupational exposures. No effect was observed in male dentists, but a 2.4-fold increase in cancer of the cervix in heavily exposed female assistants was reported. Other epidemiological reports of workers exposed to waste anesthetic gases have been negative. Carcinogenic bioassays in animals have yielded negative results. Nitrous oxide was not geno-toxic in a variety of assays. ... 

It has been postulated that sulfuric acid may produce tumors by direct genotoxic effects of lowered pH or may promote carcinogenesis by inducing chronic tissue irritation. lARC has determined that there is sufficient evidence that occupational exposure to strong inorganic acid mists containing sulfuric acid is carcinogenic to humans. ... 

Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. The effects, however, are mild from oral intake. Occupational exposure may cause cancer. There is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals and humans. 

Occupational and toxicological studies have demonstrated adverse health effects from exposure to toxic contaminants. Emissions data from stationary and mobile sources are used in an atmospheric dispersion model to estimate outdoor concentrations of 148 toxic contaminants for each of the 60,803 census tracts in the contiguous United States for 1990. Approximately 10% of all census tracts had estimated concentrations of one or more carcinogenic HAPs at a greater than l-in-10,000 risk level. Twenty-two pollutants with chronic toxicity benchmark concentrations had modeled concentrations in excess of these benchmarks, and approximately 200 census tracts had a modeled concentration 100 times the benchmark for at least one of these pollutants. This comprehensive assessment of air toxics concentrations across the United States indicates hazardous air pollutants may pose a potential public health problem (Woodruff et al., 1998). 

The use of permanent hair dyes or the occupational exposure to these cosmetic products has recently been discussed because of a possible link to adverse long term effects like genetic effects or carcinogenic effects (l9 2, 3) Epidemiological studies seem to indicate an overrepresentation of lung and breast cancer among occupationally exposed people ( 3). Previously, 2,U-diaminotoluene (TDA), a very common product in hair dyes, has been proven to be an animal carcinogen after oral administration and subcutaneous injection k) ... 

Provides toxicology data for more than 130,000 chemicals in four categories substance identification toxicity/biomedical effects toxicology and carcinogenicity review and exposure standards and regulations. Built and maintained by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as a segment of the Toxic Release Inventory database. Available online, CD-ROM and computer tape from NIOSH and from commercial database vendors. 

---