Genetic effects

Degraeve N, Chollet M-C, Moutschen J. 1984a. Cytogenetic and genetic effects of subchronic treatments with organophosphorus insecticides. Arch Toxicol 56 66-67. 

Degraeve N, Moutschen J, Moutschen-Dahmen M, et al. 1979. Genetic effects of organophosphate insecticides in mouse [Abstract]. Mutat Res 64 131. 

The nuclear dilemma results partly from the devastating power of nuclear weapons. Equally troublesome are the health hazards associated with the radioactive products of nuclear reactions. These hazards include genetic effects, cancer, and other illnesses that can be fatal. Unfortunately, there is no known way to make radioactive... 

Koch R, Schlegelmilch R, Wolf HU. 1988. Genetic effects of chlorinated ethylenes in the yeast... 

Brown, J. P. A review of the genetic effects of naturally occurring flavonoids, anthra-quinolines and related compounds. Mutat. Res. 1980, 75, 243-277. 

Genetic Effect of Radiation—Inheritable change, chiefly mutations, produced by the absorption of ionizing radiation by germ cells. Genetic effects have not been observed in any human population exposed at any dose level. 

Since all pesticides are mutagenic, there must be long-term genetic effects accompanying their direct and immediate consequences. 

Arni P. 1985. Induction of various genetic effects in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D7. In Ashby J, de Serres FJ, et al., eds. Progress in mutation research, Vol. 5. Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens. Amsterdam, The Netherlands Elsevier Science Publishers, 217-224. 

Khera, K.S. 1979. Teratogenic and genetic effects of mercury toxicity. Pages 501-518 in J.O. Nriagu (ed.). The Biogeochemistry of Mercury in the Environment. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, NY. 

Radiation causes dominant lethal mutations in the medaka (Oryzias latipes) (Shima and Shimada 1991). Mosquitofish (Gambusia spp.) from radionuclide-contaminated ponds in South Carolina differed from conspecifics in reference ponds, as judged by the frequency of DNA markers, and this is consistent with the hypothesis that these DNA markers may originate from genetic elements that provide a selective advantage in contaminated habitats (Theodorakis et al. 1998). Ionizing radiation at low-level chronic exposure reportedly has no deleterious genetic effects on aquatic populations because exposure is compensated by density-dependent responses in fecundity (IAEA 1976). However, this needs verification. 

In addition to the frequency considerations attendant to the examination of polymorphisms or haplotypes, one must also consider the impact of possible differences in the magnitude of effects of any putative loci. The magnitude of any effects is denoted as "scale" effects based on the notion from quantitative genetics that there will be a displacement from the overall population mean for a trait that is dependent on genotype. To illustrate the effects of scale and frequency, consider two well-known examples of genetic effects. These are the effect of the apolipoprotein E (apo E) polymorphism on cholesterol levels and the impact of the familial hypercholesterolemia polymorphism on cholesterol levels. 

Deng, H.W., "Population Admixture May Appear to Mask, Change or Reverse Genetic Effects of Genes Underlying Complex Traits," Genetics, 159, 1319-1323 (2001). 

For next development of allelopathy utilization, especially such ways as breeding for stronger allelopathic potential is very hopeful. Hybridization could be a promising method of breeding. However, allelopathic activity was identified as a quantitative trait and therefore this characteristic is affected by both genetic effects and environmental conditions. The main disadvantage of the application of allelopathy is considerable variability in the dependence on environment. Therefore all results achieved in laboratory should be compared with effects of allelopathic crops in field conditions. 

The failure to find non additive genetic effects in the large twin registry sample remains a puzzle and will be resolved only when we are able to test this sample with instruments comparable to those used in the other studies. As an aside it is worth mentioning that the two instruments used to derive the factor scales make use of quite different methods of measurement (paired comparisons vs. a Like, Indifferent, Dislike format) and utilize different content. Each instrument, however, yielded the same results. 

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