Carcinogenesis Transformation

Amacher DE, Zelljadt I. 1983. The morphological transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells by chemicals reportedly nonmutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium. Carcinogenesis 4 291-295. 

Nassi-Calo, L., Mello-Filho, A.C. and Meneghini, R. (1989). 0-Phenanthroline protects mammalian cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced gene mutation and morphological transformation. Carcinogenesis 10, 1055-1057. 

Weitzman, S., Schmeichel, C., Turk, P., Stevens, C., Tolsma, S. and Bouck, N. (1988). Phagocyte-mediated carcinogenesis DNA from phagocyte-transformed C3H lOTl/2 cells can transform NIH/3T3 cells. Ann. N. York Acad. Sci. 551, 103-109. 

Hix LM, Frey DA, McLaws MD, 0sterlie M, Lockwood SF, and Bertram JS. 2005. Inhibition of chemically-induced neoplastic transformation by a novel tetrasodium diphosphate astaxanthin derivative. Carcinogenesis 26(9) 1634-1641. 

Bertram, J. S., A. Pung, M. Churley et al. 1991. Diverse carotenoids protect against chemically induced neoplastic transformation. Carcinogenesis 12(4) 671-678. 

Hossain, M. Z., L. R. Wilkens, P. P. Mehta, W. Loewenstein, and J. S. Bertram. 1989. Enhancement of gap junctional communication by retinoids correlates with their ability to inhibit neoplastic transformation. Carcinogenesis 10(9) 1743-1748. 

Protonated N-hydroxy arylamines have also been proposed to be ultimate carcinogens for the urinary bladder (16,17,140,141) since urine pH is slightly acidic in a number of species (14,142). Furthermore, pharmacokinetic studies have shown that increased urine acidity and decreased frequency of urination are predictive of relative species susceptibility to urinary bladder carcinogenesis (142) and neoplastic transformation of cultured human fibroblasts by N-hydroxy arylamines is greatly enhanced by incubation at pH 5 as compared to pH 7 (143). 

Lee, T.C., M. Oshimura, and J.C. Barrett. 1985. Comparison of arsenic-induced cell transformation, cytotoxicity, mutation and cytogenetic effects in Syrian hamster embryo cells in culture. Carcinogenesis 6 1421-1426. 

Carcinogenesis involves a complex series of genetic and biochemical events that enable transformed cells to proliferate, metastasize, migrate to secondary sites, and, sometimes, acquire resistance to chemotherapy. In Sect. 25.4.1, we will discuss how caveolin-1 expression correlates with cancerous growth, a potential mechanism of chemotherapy drug resistance, and how caveolae may be particularly exploited for cancer therapeutic strategies. 

Emura, M., U. Mohr, T. Kakunaga, and J. Hilfrich. 1985. Growth inhibition and transformation of a human fetal tracheal epithelial cell line by long-term exposure of diethylnitrosamine. Carcinogenesis 6 1955-61. 

F. Trump, and C. C. Harris. 1991. Human bronchial epithelial cells transformed by the c-raf-1 and c-myc protooncogenes induce multidifferentiated carcinomas in nude mice A model for lung carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 51 3793-3801. 

LeBoeuf, R.A., and Kerckaert, G., Enhanced morphological transformation of early passage Syrian hamster embryo cells cultured in medium with a reduced bicarbonate concentration and pH, Carcinogenesis, 8, 680, 1987. 

The results from a study employing a human cell line showed that neither 5 nor 50 ppm petroleum-derived JP-5 (PD-JP5) interfered with Snyder-Theilen feline sarcoma virus (ST-FeSV)-directed transformation of human foreskin fibroblastic cells (Blakeslee et al. 1983). Higher concentrations ( 100 ppm) were cytotoxic. It was reported that marine diesel fuel failed to inhibit transformation in this assay, but data were not shown. The study authors consider this in vitro assay to be a useful predictor of carcinogenesis since several known carcinogens have been shown to suppress transformation in cells infected with the ST-FeSV virus by blocking a specific virus gene function (i.e., transformation) noncarcinogens do not inhibit virus-induced cell transformation in this test system. 

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