Employed in Our Studies

Throughout this article, the identity of the recovered enantiomer shown is that which is obtained by the catalyst antipode illustrated. Moreover, transformations with BINOL-based complexes (e.g., 11) were carried out with the opposite antipode of the catalyst versus that illustrated. Because (S)-biphen and (R)-BINOL complexes were employed in our studies, this adjustment has been made to facilitate comparison between biphen- and BI-NOL-based catalysts... 

Several computational models were employed in our study [35], Model I included a chromophore in gas-phase (Figure 4-10(a-d)). Model II additionally involved a point-charge model for protein electrostatic potential. In Model HI, the atoms in the active site (Figure 4-10(f)) were treated by quantum mechanics, and the rest of the protein effect was treated by the point-charge model. The structures used in Models... 

This chapter examines the orientation and conformation of adsorbate and solvent molecules at liquid/liquid interfaces, and from this information, it further examines the interactions between the molecules present at these interfaces. The summary begins with a description of the theoretical underpinnings of the technique and describes the experimental apparatus employed in our studies of these interfaces. In each case, one of the liquids is water. The remainder of the chapter describes studies of molecular adsorbates at liquid/liquid interfaces and studies of neat liquid/liquid interfaces. 

The differences in prepolymer chemistry between the two resins investigated may be observed in their relaxation transitions at both low and high temperatures. Of particular interest is the existence of two major relaocation transitions observed in the Dow vinyl ester resin at high temperatures. We believe that the second releixation occurring at 80°C is not the same as the p transition reported in the literature (19.20). Furthermore, we speculate that the Dow vinyl ester resin employed in our study might have been a blend of two resins. This speculation will be tested in a future investigation. 

The spin-coupled wavefunction employed in our study of the electronic structure of benzene is of the form ... 

Various types of physical probes have been employed in our studies of platinum-iridium clusters. The probes include X-ray diffraction, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and Mossbauer effect spectroscopy. All of the probes have provided useful information for the characterization of the bimetallic clusters. 

In this work we study the performance of different K-doped PtSn/y-Al203 catalysts with especial emphasis in their stability and regenerability. According to previous results obtained with Li-doped catalysts [4], the order of impregnation of K was studied. The present paper discusses the result from diverse experimental techniques employed in our studies of different RSn-based materials (TPR, TEM, XPS, TPO/TGA). Furthermore, these results are combined to develop a quantitative understanding of how the different components allow this system to be highly selective and stable for isobutane dehydrogenation. 

The activities of the Kiel group within LACTOZ concentrated on investigations of secondary atmospheric oxidation processes. The processes selected constitute elementary steps in reaction sequences leading to transformation and degradation of VOCs in the troposphere. The oxidants employed in our studies were the nitrate radical NO3, ozone O3, and in recent experiments the CH3O2 radical. It was the aim of the scientific research to elucidate reaction mechanisms operating in the... 

Fig. 48 Assembly of a lamellar-forming polypeptide-coil diblock copolymer depicting the main techniques employed in our studies. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is employed for the domain spacing, d. C NMR and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) are employed to identify the type of the peptide secondary structure (a-helical in the schematic). WAXS is further employed to specify the lateral self-assembly of a-helices within the polypeptide domain (a hexagonal lattice is indicated). Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) and site-specific NMR techniques are employed for the dynamics. Furthermore, the most intense DS process provides the persistence length. Ip, of a-helical segments [181]...

---