Carcinogenesis involvement

Carcinogenesis involves a complex series of genetic and biochemical events that enable transformed cells to proliferate, metastasize, migrate to secondary sites, and, sometimes, acquire resistance to chemotherapy. In Sect. 25.4.1, we will discuss how caveolin-1 expression correlates with cancerous growth, a potential mechanism of chemotherapy drug resistance, and how caveolae may be particularly exploited for cancer therapeutic strategies. 

Invariably the first step In colon carcinogenesis involves loss of a functional APC gene, resulting in formation of polyps (precancerous growths) on the inside of the colon wall. Not every colon cancer, however, acquires all the later mutations or acquires them in the order depicted in Figure... 

The mechanism of chemical carcinogenesis involves a complex multistage process that occurs in certain distinct phases. While genotoxic carcinogens manifest their actions in three phases (1) initiation, (2) promotion, and (3) progression, the mechanisms for nongenotoxic carcinogen can vary and are more complex. The routes of exposure, dose amount, absorption, and distribution of the chemical within the body as well as the nature of the metabolic products, play important roles in the process. 

Carcinogenesis Involves Progressive Events and Is a Multistage Process... 

To examine the hypothesis that preconception carcinogenesis involves an increase in the rate of occurrence of neoplasms with spontaneous incidence, Yu etal. (1999) exposed male NIH Swiss mice 2 weeks before mating to 1 mmol chromium-(III) chloride per kg body weight. Phaeochromocy-tomas occurred in both male and female offspring with none in the controls. There was also an increase in incidence of male reproductive gland tumours and of renal non-neoplastic lesions. 

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