Carbon dimethyl

Successful results have been obtained (Renfrew and Chaney, 1946) with ethyl formate methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec.-butyl and iso-amyl acetat ethyleneglycol diacetate ethyl monochloro- and trichloro-acetates methyl, n-propyl, n-octyl and n-dodecyl propionates ethyl butyrate n-butyl and n-amyl valerates ethyl laurate ethyl lactate ethyl acetoacetate diethyl carbonate dimethyl and diethyl oxalates diethyl malonate diethyl adipate di-n-butyl tartrate ethyl phenylacetate methyl and ethyl benzoates methyl and ethyl salicylates diethyl and di-n-butyl phthalates. The method fails for vinyl acetate, ieri.-butyl acetate, n-octadecyl propionate, ethyl and >i-butyl stearate, phenyl, benzyl- and guaicol-acetate, methyl and ethyl cinnamate, diethyl sulphate and ethyl p-aminobenzoate. 

Sodium hydrogen carbonate Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)... 

Figure 7. First- and second- cycle constant-current charge/discharge curves of graphite Timrex KS44 in LiN(S02CF3)2/ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate as the electrolyte (CilT irreversible specific charge Crev =reversible specific charge) [2J.

The preparation and properties of a novel, commercially viable Li-ion battery based on a gel electrolyte has recently been disclosed by Bellcore (USA) [124]. The technology has, to date, been licensed to six companies and full commercial production is imminent. The polymer membrane is a copolymer based on PVdF copolymerized with hexafluoropropylene (HFP). HFP helps to decrease the crystallinity of the PVdF component, enhancing its ability to absorb liquid. Optimizing the liquid absorption ability, mechanical strength, and processability requires optimized amorphous/crystalline-phase distribution. The PVdF-HFP membrane can absorb plasticizer up to 200 percent of its original volume, especially when a pore former (fumed silica) is added. The liquid electrolyte is typically a solution of LiPF6 in 2 1 ethylene carbonate dimethyl car-... 

Substances 2,6-Dibromoquinone-4-chloroimide Sodium hydrogen carbonate Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) Chloroform Methanol Ethanol... 

Dymethyl butane Dimethyl carbonate Dimethyl chloracetal Dimethyl ether, see Methyl ether Dimethylformamide... 

In nonaqueous solvents. Exact composition depends on the manufacturer, usually propylene carbonate—dimethyl ether for ... 

In 1994 a formulation that successfully met such a standard was first described in open literature by Tarascon and Guyomard, who used a linear carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), as a cosolvent with EC.98,99 been pointed out, linear carbonates... 

Solvents that meet all or most of the criteria are propylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, 4-butyrolactone, acetonitrile, sulfur dioxide, thionyl chloride, and phosphorus oxychloride. Certain other solvents, with fairly low s values, such as tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, and 1,3-oxolane are used in conjunction with a high s solvent, in order to reduce the viscosity without impairing excessively the other desirable properties of the co-solvent. All these solvents are on the List, with properties shown in the tables mentioned. Commercial implementation of such batteries has been highly successful, with energy densities of primary dischargeable batteries of 0.3 W h g 1 or 0.5 W h cm 3 and a self discharge rate of < 2% per year of the open-circuit battery being achieved. 

Acetyl-2-fluorobiphenyl Diethyl carbonate Dimethyl sulfate... 

As an abundant, nontoxic, non-flammable, easily available, and renewable carbon resource, C02 is very attractive as an environmentally friendly feedstock for making commodity chemicals, fuels, and materials [1-7]. In this respect, PEGs-functionalized catalysts have been developed for efficient transformation of C02 into value-added chemicals or fuels such as cyclic carbonates, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), oxazolidinones, organic carbamates and urea derivatives. 

Reference Electrode Acetonitrile Propylene Carbonate Dimethyl Formamide Dimethyl Sulfoxide... 

Lewis base properties a. Aptotic b. Hydrogen bond donor >25 + Acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, propylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide Formamide, 2-pyrtolidone... 

Table 3.5.2 Compilation of the most important secondary battery technologies. Energy densities compiled from various manufacturers data sheets and references [4,7-9] (EC/DMC, ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate EMS (ethyl methyl sulphone)). 

Electrolyte solvent Aprotic solvent Propylene carbonate, Diethyl carbonate, Dimethyl carbonate, Dimethoxy ethane... 

J. F. Coetzee (ed.) Recommended Methods for the Purification of Solvents and Tests for Impurities, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1982. (Acetonitrile, Sulfolane, Propylene carbonate. Dimethyl sulfoxide, V,7V-Dimethylformamide, Hexamethylphosphoric tiiamide. Pyridine, 1,2-Diaminoethane, N-Methylacetamide, and V-Methylpropionamide). 

Figure 4. Comparison of observed solvation times to predictions of the SC and DMSA theories. The points show the comparison between the DMSA theoiy for an ionic solute with polar aptotic solvents denoted by circles and associated solvents by squares. For clarity, the SC and DMSAd comparisons are only shown as the linear fits to the log-log data with the SC predictions being the lower dashed line and the DMSAd the uiqjer dashed line. The solvents represented here are, in order of increasing fj, acetonitrile, acetone, tetrahydrofiiran, dimethyl-formamide, dimethylsulfoxide, propylm carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, chloroform, and benzonitrile (circles) and water [16], formamide, methanol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, 1-propanol, l-pentanol, and 1-decanol (squares).

As with the chloroformates, a large number of carbonates (e.g. diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and diphenyl carbonate) are commercially available. Manufacturers of chloroformates are usually also manufacturers of carbonates. 

FIGURE 10.6 CV of a l.iM 11204 electrode (surface density, 5 mg/cm ) in 1 M LiAsFy/ (ethylene carbonate + dimethyl carbonate). Potential scan rate, 0.0.5 mV/sec. (From Sinha and Munichandraiah, 2008. J. Solid State Electrochem. 12, 1619-1627, with permission from Springer.)... 

FIGURE 10.8 Representation of the equivalent circuit used by Sinha and Munichandraiah (2008) to describe the EIS of LiMn2O4 electrode in 1 M LiAsF6/(ethylene carbonate + dimethyl carbonate) depicted in Figure 10.7. 

A fragmentation reaction occurred when the tosylate (101) of 4jS,5-epoxy-5)3-cholestan-3jS-ol was treated with either collidine or lithium carbonate-dimethyl-formamide, giving the diene-ether (102) among other products. Side-chain... 

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