Primary discharges

Provisions for the removal of fuel in the event the storage tanks primary discharge means becomes inoperable... 

Preliminary electrochemical tests of materials obtained have been performed in two types of cells. Primary discharge measurements have been executed in standard 2325 coin-type cells (23 mm diameter and 2.5 mm height) with an electrolyte based on propylene carbonate - dimethoxyethane solution of LiC104. Cathode materials have been prepared from thermally treated amorphous manganese oxide in question (0.70 0.02g, 85wt%.) mixed with a conductive additive (10 % wt.) and a binder (5wt%). Lithium anodes of 0.45 mm thickness have been of slightly excess mass if compared to the stoichiometric amount, so as to ensure maximal possible capacity of a cell and full consumption of the cathode material. 

The mechanism of hydrogen evolution is classically based [33, 184, 185] on a primary discharge step ... 

The above assumptions have remained unchanged for several decades. This mechanism has been shown to explain also the dependence of the Peltier effect on the nature of the metal [187]. The nature of the intermediate has been rarely disputed. The suggestion [62, 188] that reaction (5) might involve as an intermediate, (H2r)ad, has not received any definite experimental confirmation [53, 189], although in one case it has been adopted [96]. In the case of alkaline solutions, it has been claimed [190-192] that the intermediate of the primary discharge is probably Naad ... 

Solvents that meet all or most of the criteria are propylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, 4-butyrolactone, acetonitrile, sulfur dioxide, thionyl chloride, and phosphorus oxychloride. Certain other solvents, with fairly low s values, such as tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, and 1,3-oxolane are used in conjunction with a high s solvent, in order to reduce the viscosity without impairing excessively the other desirable properties of the co-solvent. All these solvents are on the List, with properties shown in the tables mentioned. Commercial implementation of such batteries has been highly successful, with energy densities of primary dischargeable batteries of 0.3 W h g 1 or 0.5 W h cm 3 and a self discharge rate of < 2% per year of the open-circuit battery being achieved. 

The ionic species present in the electrolyte appear to be Na+, A1F63 , A1F4 , F and certain A1—O—F complexes (see above). The fact that sodium is present as free ions, whereas aluminum is bound in complexes, and the fact that the sodium ion is the carrier of current, have led many authors to the assumption that sodium is the primary discharge product at the cathode. However, the thermodynamic data favor primary aluminum deposition on aluminum in cryolite melts. 

The data for our public sector studies were obtained from the HCPC pharmacy data system. Doses analyzed were study-drug doses administered on the day of discharge. The study years were 1994 for antidepressants, 1996 for typical neuroleptics, and 1997 and 1998 for atypical neuroleptics or antipsychotics. The patients selected for the antidepressant study included only those with a primary discharge diagnosis of nonpsychotic major depression... 

In two-point discharge, primary discharge of a coarse powder fraction is achieved by gravity from the base of the drying chamber. The fine fraction is recovered by secondary equipment downstream of the chamber air exit. 

One might think that a similar situation is common for all cases where the primary discharge product must, from energy considerations, be associated with the electrode, e.g., when amalgams of metals are formed. And when the discharge product remains in the solution, e.g., in ordinary redox reactions,... 

Pressure-control valves have a third port to vent excess pressure and prevent it from affecting the downstream piping. The bypass, or exhaust, port has an internal flow-control device, such as a diaphragm or piston, that opens at predetermined set-points to permit the excess pressure to bypass the valve s primary discharge. In pneumatic circuits, the bypass port vents to the atmosphere. In hydraulic circuits, it must be connected to a piping system that returns to the hydraulic reservoir. 

Even before the barrier dam was finished work started on the first polder. Before the polder dikes could be built unstable foundation soils were removed and replaced with compacted sand fill. The dike was constructed using a double boulder clay core and sand fill. Riprap, asphalt, and basalt revetments were placed on the dike body to protect against wave action. The pumping stations were constructed in the dike at locations where the primary discharge channels were planned. 

Instead of a hollow cathode electrical discharge, an alternative plane electrode DC discharge source has been reported by Inomata and co-workers and is shown in the upper parts of Figure 3.8 [13]. As in the hollow cathode source, there is both a primary discharge... 

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