Dimethyl carbonate, green synthesis

Pyo, S.H., Hatti-Kaul, R., 2012. Selective, green synthesis of six-membered cyclic carbonates by Upase-catalyzed chemospecific transesterification of diols with dimethyl carbonate. Advanced Synthesis Catalysis 354, 797—802. 

Tian J-S, Miao C-X, Wang J-Q et al (2007) Efficient synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol, propylene oxide and C02 catalyzed by recyclable inorganic base/phosphonium halide-functionalized polyethylene glycol. Green Chem 9(6) 566—571... 

S-i Fujita, Bhanage BM, Ikushima Y et al (2001) Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanol in the presence of methyl iodide and base catalysts under mild conditions effect of reaction conditions and reaction mechanism. Green Chem 3(2) 87-91... 

Wei T, Wang M, Wei W et al (2003) Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate by transesterification over CaO/carbon composites. Green Chem 5(3) 343-346... 

Bhanage BM, Fujita S-i, Ikushima Y (2003) Transesterification of urea and ethylene glycol to ethylene carbonate as an important step for urea based dimethyl carbonate synthesis. Green Chem 5(4) 429-432... 

Cesium-exchanged zeolite X was used as a solid base catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation of benzaldehyde or benzyl acetone with ethyl cyanoacetate [121]. The latter reaction is a key step in the synthesis of the fragrance molecule, citronitrile (see Fig. 2.37). However, reactivities were substantially lower than those observed with the more strongly basic hydrotalcite (see earlier). Similarly, Na-Y and Na-Beta catalyzed a variety of Michael additions [122] and K-Y and Cs-X were effective catalysts for the methylation of aniline and phenylaceto-nitrile with dimethyl carbonate or methanol, respectively (Fig. 2.37) [123]. These procedures constitute interesting green alternatives to classical alkylations using methyl halides or dimethyl sulfate in the presence of stoichiometric quantities of conventional bases such as caustic soda. 

Another reaction of significance involving methanol is the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) by carbonylation of methanol with CO which offers a potentially green chemical replacement for phosgene which is used for polymer production and other processes. The direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate has been pursued over a variety of carbon supported cuprous chloride catalysts, but these catalysts deactivate due to loss of chloride and as such require reactivation by drying and contact with gaseous HCl. King et discovered that the chloride is not necessary to catal-... 

What is the potential use of dialkyl carbonates, such as dimethyl carbonate, in green ehemical synthesis ... 

Choi, J.C. He, L.N. Yasuda, H. Sakakura, T. Selective and High Yield Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate Directly from Carbon Dioxide and Methanol Green Chem. 2002,4,230-234. 

Tian, I Miao, C. Wang, J. Cai, F. Du, Y Zhao, Y He, L. Efficient Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate from Methanol, Propylene Oxide and COj Catalyzed by Recyclable inOrganic Base/Phosphonium Halide-Functionalized Polyethylene glycol. Green. Chem. 2007, 9, 566-571. 

Fujita, S. Bhanage, B.M. Ikushima, Y Arai, M. Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate from Carbon Dioxide and Methanol in the Presence of Methyl Iodide and Base Catalysts Under Mild Conditions Effect of Reaction Conditions and Reaction Mechanism Green Chem. 2001, 3, 87-91. 

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