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Synthesis carbohydrate

In general, polysaccharide synthesis in fungi includes the following steps carbohydrate synthesis and polymerization, and, in the case of capsular polysaccharides and EPS, polysaccharide secretion to the extracellular environment. [Pg.66]

Polysaccharides (e.g., glucans, chitin) are synthesized in the cytoplasm by integral polysaccharide synthases that are uniformly distributed in the plasma membrane, while the synthesis of protein-bormd polysaccharides (e.g., mannoproteins) occurs in [Pg.66]

Glucose is an important substrate and energy source in animal tissues  [Pg.226]

The first step in the production of glucose from lactate is its conversion to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase  [Pg.226]

Glucose cannot be produced from pyruvate by a simple reversal of the glycolytic [Pg.226]

The latter may take place in the mitochondria and the phosphoenolpyruvate then passes into the cell cytoplasm. Alternatively, oxalacetate may be transferred into the cell cytoplasm by means of the glutamate-aspartate shuttle and converted to phosphoenolpyruvate by cytoplasmic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. In the ruminant animal, pyruvate carboxylase is located in the cell cytoplasm as well as the mitochondria, and pyruvate can be changed to phosphoenolpyruvate entirely in the cytoplasm. [Pg.227]

Catabolism of amino acids, except for leucine and lysine, results in synthesis of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates or the production of pyruvate (see p. 210). Conversion of the latter into glucose then takes place as shown in Fig. 9.20. The tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates enter the cycle and are converted into malate. [Pg.227]


M. Bednarski and E. S. Simon, eds., Tncymes in Carbohydrate Synthesis, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1991. [Pg.350]

They accomplish the reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate, the primary product of COg fixation, to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate so that carbohydrate synthesis becomes feasible. [Pg.733]

Enandoselecdve total synthesis of andhingal agent Sch-38516 is reported. Stereocontrolled carbohydrate synthesis is based on the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddidon of chiral nkrone to vinylene carbonate, as shovm in Eq. 8.53. ... [Pg.254]

T. Norberg, in S. H. Khan and R. A. O Neill (Eds.), Modern Methods in Carbohydrate Synthesis, pp. 82-106, Harwood Academic Publishers, 1995, and references therein. [Pg.201]

A more general access to biologically important and structurally more diverse aldose isomers makes use of ketol isomerases for the enzymatic interconversion of ketoses to aldoses. For a full realization of the concept of enzymatic stereodivergent carbohydrate synthesis, the stereochemically complementary i-rhamnose (Rhal EC 5.3.1.14) and i-fucose isomerases (Fuel EC 5.3.1.3) from E. coli have been shown to display a relaxed substrate tolerance [16,99,113,131]. Both enzymes convert sugars and their derivatives that have a common (3 J )-OH configuration, but may deviate in... [Pg.294]

Hager M, Currie F, Holmberg K (2003) Organic Reactions in Microemulsions. 227 53-74 Hausler H, Stiitz AE (2001) d-Xylose (d-Glucose) Isomerase and Related Enzymes in Carbohydrate Synthesis. 215 77-114... [Pg.233]

Mutations resulting in ethambutol resistance can arise spontaneously. The exact changes are unknown but may involve enzymes in carbohydrate synthesis pathways. [Pg.197]

In 1991, Whitesides etal. reported the first application of aqueous medium Barbier-Grignard reaction to carbohydrate synthesis through the use of tin in an aqueous/organic solvent mixture (Eq. 8.48).106 These adducts were converted to higher carbon aldoses by ozonolysis of the deprotected polyols followed by suitable derivatization. The reaction showed a higher diastereoselectivity when there was a hydroxyl group present at C-2. However, no reaction was observed under the reaction conditions when there was an /V-acctyl group present at the C-2 position. [Pg.235]

Carbohydrate metabolism in the organism tissues encompasses enzymic processes leading either to the breakdown of carbohydrates (catabolic pathways), or to the synthesis thereof (anabolic pathways). Carbohydrate breakdown leads to energy release or intermediary products that are necessary for other biochemical processes. The carbohydrate synthesis serves for replenishment of polysaccharide reserve or for renewal of structural carbohydrates. The effectiveness of various routes of carbohydrate metabolism in tissues and organs is defined by the availability of appropriate enzymes in them. [Pg.179]

Figure 17.12 Azido derivatives of sugars can be used as monomers for glycan and carbohydrate synthesis by cells. Such modifications can be probed using click chemistry or Staudinger ligation reactions. Figure 17.12 Azido derivatives of sugars can be used as monomers for glycan and carbohydrate synthesis by cells. Such modifications can be probed using click chemistry or Staudinger ligation reactions.
Tochtermann reported the addition of dichlorocarbene to the racemic glycal 52, whose cyclopropyl-allyl rearrangement leads to the 2//-pyran. The synthesis of the optically pure (+)-(2S,3R,7S) and (-)-(2f ,3S,7f )-glycal precursors has also been achieved. As pointed out, optically pure glycals are versatile precursors for carbohydrate synthesis <00EJO1741>. [Pg.139]

A highly enantioselective dihydropyran synthesis results from the use of bis(oxazoline) copper(II) complexes as catalysts <00JA1635 00JA7936> and the value of this approach to carbohydrate synthesis has been noted . [Pg.320]

This approach provides a new method for carbohydrate synthesis. In the synthesis of tetritols, pentitols, and hexitols, for example, titanium-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation and the subsequent ring opening of the thus formed 2,3-epoxy alcohols can play an essential role. [Pg.212]

Schmidt, R.R. (1996) Modem Methods in Carbohydrate Synthesis (eds S.H. Khan and R.A. O Neill), Harwood Academic Publisher, Chur, Schweiz, pp. 20-54. [Pg.198]

Solid-Phase Carbohydrate Synthesis The Early Work... [Pg.2]


See other pages where Synthesis carbohydrate is mentioned: [Pg.670]    [Pg.738]    [Pg.254]    [Pg.100]    [Pg.359]    [Pg.253]    [Pg.3]    [Pg.29]    [Pg.94]    [Pg.197]    [Pg.124]    [Pg.3]    [Pg.11]    [Pg.13]    [Pg.113]    [Pg.162]    [Pg.180]    [Pg.198]    [Pg.312]   
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1,3-Propanediol synthesis from carbohydrates

1.3- Dioxolane carbohydrate synthesis

Acceptor-bound carbohydrate synthesis

Aldolases as Catalyst for the Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Analogs

Animal tissues, carbohydrate synthesis

Applications of Organotin Derivatives for Carbohydrate Synthesis

Basic Synthesis of Fluorinated Carbohydrates

Bidirectional Synthesis of Carbohydrate Libraries

Carbaaldopyranoses synthesis carbohydrates for

Carbohydrate Synthesis Using N-Alkyloxyamines

Carbohydrate derivative synthesis

Carbohydrate derivs., synthesi

Carbohydrate esters enzymatic synthesis

Carbohydrate libraries, solid-phase synthesis

Carbohydrate library Oligosaccharide solid-phase synthesis

Carbohydrate library oligosaccharide synthesis,

Carbohydrate semi-synthesis

Carbohydrate synthesis acceptor-bound solid-phase

Carbohydrate synthesis automated

Carbohydrate synthesis enzymatic methods

Carbohydrate synthesis pyruvate decarboxylase

Carbohydrate synthesis solid-phase linkers

Carbohydrate synthesis, enzymatic

Carbohydrate synthesis, general design

Carbohydrate synthesis, overview

Carbohydrates Kiliani-Fischer synthesi

Carbohydrates Kiliani-Fischer, synthesis

Carbohydrates Strecker amino acid synthesis

Carbohydrates Wittig synthesis

Carbohydrates branched, synthesis

Carbohydrates in synthesis

Carbohydrates in the synthesis

Carbohydrates natural products, syntheses

Carbohydrates solid phase synthesis

Carbohydrates sugar synthesis, 2- thiazole

Carbohydrates synthesis from leaves

Carbohydrates synthesis via radical cyclization

Carbohydrates, Deoxysugars, and Sugar Phosphate Synthesis

Carbohydrates, Reactions Synthesis

Carbohydrates, azido synthesis

Carbohydrates, azido-containing synthesis

Carbohydrates, biological synthesis, with

Carbohydrates, branched-chain synthesis

Carbohydrates, deoxy, synthesis

Carbohydrates, enzymic synthesis

Carbohydrates, enzymic synthesis from fatty acids

Carbohydrates, enzymic synthesis metabolism

Carbohydrates, furan synthesis from

Catalytic activity, enzymes carbohydrate synthesis

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Carbohydrates

Chiral pyrrolidines synthesis from carbohydrates

Common Protecting Groups in Carbohydrate Synthesis

Dicarboxylic acids, synthesis from carbohydrates

ENZYMES IN CARBOHYDRATE SYNTHESIS

Enzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates

Enzymes, carbohydrate synthesis

FERRIER Carbohydrate synthesis

Fluorinated carbohydrates, synthesis

Glycosidation Methods in Carbohydrate Synthesis

Glycosylation Methods in Carbohydrate Synthesis

Long-chain carbohydrates, synthesis

One-Pot Total Syntheses of Carbohydrates

Prebiotic Synthesis of Carbohydrates

Prebiotic synthesis, carbohydrates

Protecting Group Strategies in Carbohydrate Synthesis

Protecting group free carbohydrate synthesis using

Pseudo-Enantiomeric Carbohydrates in Stereoselective Syntheses

Sohd-phase carbohydrate synthesis

Solid-Phase Library Synthesis of Carbohydrates

Solid-phase synthesis complex carbohydrates

Stereospecific Syntheses from Carbohydrates

Syntheses Using Carbohydrates as Chiral Educts (Chirons)

Synthesis of Carbohydrate Containing Complex Natural Compounds

Synthesis of Complex Carbohydrates

Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Non-carbohydrate Compounds

Synthesis of Fluorinated Carbohydrates

Synthesis of Sialic Acid Containing Carbohydrates

Synthesis of carbohydrates

Synthesis of sugars from non-carbohydrate substrates

The Synthesis of Optically Active Non-carbohydrate Compounds

The Synthesis of Sugars from Non-carbohydrate Substrates

Total Syntheses of Optically Active Carbohydrates

Use of Carbohydrates in Asymmetric Synthesis

Williamson ether synthesis carbohydrates and

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