Carbohydrate semi-synthesis

The field of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharids contains many industrial examples of semi-synthesis, which have entered chemical history, such the hydrolysis of starch to form D-glucose, the esterification of cellulose, the chemistry of rayon and, more recently, advances in the chemistry of carbohydrate surfactants (ref.83). 

Table 5 Semi-Synthesis of certain Carbohydrate Derivatives...

Corticosteroids are produced by the adrenal glands, and display two main types of biological activity. Glucocorticoids are concerned with the synthesis of carbohydrate from protein and the deposition of glycogen in the liver. They also play an important role in inflammatory processes. Mineralocorticoids are concerned with the control of electrolyte balance, promoting the retention of Na+ and CC, and the excretion of K+. Synthetic and semi-synthetic corticosteroid drugs are widely used in medicine. Glncocorticoids are primarily nsed for their antirhenmatic and anti-inflammatory activities, and mineralocorticoids are nsed to maintain electrolyte balance where there is adrenal insufficiency. 

C. Liu, Y. Chen, J. Chen, Synthesis and characteristics of pH-sen-sitive semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels based on konjac glucomannan and poly (aspartic acid) for in vitro drug delivery, Carbohydr. Polym. 79 (2010) 500-506. 

Zhao, S., Cao, M., Li, H., Li, L., Xu, W. Synthesis and characterization of thermosensitive semi-ipn hydrogels based on poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) macromer, n-isopropylacrylamide, and sodium alginate. Carbohydrate Research 345, 425 31 (2010)... 

A. AL-Kahtani Ahmed, H. Bhojya Naik, and B. Sherigara, Synthesis cuid chcffacterization of chitosan-based pH-sensitive semi-interpenetrating network microspheres for controlled release of diclofenac sodium. Carbohydrate Research, 344 (5), 699-706,2009. 

Vimala, K., Samha Sivudu, K., Murali Mohan, Y., Sreedhar, B., Mohana Raju, K., 2009. Controlled silver nanoparticles synthesis in semi-hydrogel networks of poly(acrylamide) and carbohydrates a rational methodology for antibacterial application. Carbohydrates Polymer 75, 463-471. 

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