Gas chromatography, capillary columns

An analysis carried out on a packed column could be achieved in about one-tenth the time using a capillary column. 

A more complex sample containing many more (at least five times as many) components can be separated on a capillary column than in an equivalent packed column analysis time alternatively longer analysis times can be used to obtain the maximum separating capability for complex samples. 

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Eichelberger JW, Kerns EH, Olynyk P, et al. 1983. Precision and accuracy in the determination of organics in water by fused silica capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and packed column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 55 1471-1479. 

Nurok, D., Anderson, J. W., Zlatkis, A., Profiles of sulfur containing compounds obtained from Arabica and Robusta coffees by capillary column gas chromatography, Chromatographia, 11, 188, 1978. (CA89 22468y)... 

Engman, H. Mayfield, H. T. Mar,T. Bertsch, W. Classification of bacteria by pyrolysis-capillary column gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and pattern recognition. I Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 1984, 6,137-156. 

Dunnivant, F.M. and A.W. Elzerman. 1988. Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments, using sonication extraction and capillary column gas chromatography-electron capture detection with internal standard calibration. Jour. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chem. 71 551-556. 

Ho JS, Tang PH, Eichelberger JW, et al. 1993. Determination of organic compounds in water by liquid solid extraction followed by supercritical fluid elution and capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Denver, CO American Chemical Society, 313-315. 

Pankow JR, Isabelle LM, Kristensen TJ. 1982. Tenax-GC cartridge for interfacing capillary column gas chromatography with adsorption/thermal desorption for determination of trace organics. Anal Chem 54 1815-1819. 

Recent advances in capillary column technology presume stringent performance levels for the other components of a gas chromatograph as column performance is only as good as that of the rest of the system. One of the most important factors in capillary column gas chromatography is that a high repeatability of retention times be ensured even under adverse ambient conditions. 

In capillary column gas chromatography, it is often required to raise and lower the column temperature very rapidly and to raise the sample... 

Performance aspects of volatiles organics analysis by purge and trap capillary column gas chromatography with flame ionization detectors has been discussed by Westendorf [71]. 

These substances can be determined by a procedure [45] involving preliminary hydrolysis with hydrofluoric acid at 135°C producing N-alkyl aldonamide and alditolacetates. These substances are then determined by capillary column gas chromatography. 

Lee et al. [31] demonstrated that the chlorobenzene and hexachlorobutadiene contents of a lake sediment remained unchanged after four years storage in the dark at 4°C. Subsamples were analysed periodically over the four years by Soxhlet extraction, Florsail cleaning and analysis by capillary column gas chromatography with electron capture or mass spectrometric detection. 

Gutierrez et al. [76] give an account of an investigation to compare packed-column gas chromatography, capillary column gas chromatography... 

United States Environmental Protection Agency (1986) Volatile Organic Compound in Water by Purge and Trap Capillary Column Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Method 524.2. 

Edgell KW, Jenkins EL, Lopez-Avila V, et al. 1991. Capillary column gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection for determination of nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing pesticides in finished drinking waters Collaborative study. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 74 295-309. 

Lee, M. L., Vassilaros, D. L., White, C. M., Novotny, M. Anal. Chem. 51, 1979, 768-773. Retention indices for programmed-temperature capillary-column gas chromatography of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 

Capillary column gas chromatography is an even quicker and equally accurate alternative. Mass spectrometry (ASTM D1137) is also suitable for the analysis of petroleum gases. Of the other spectroscopic techniques, infrared and ultraviolet absorption may be applied to petroleum gas analysis for some specialized applications. Gas chromatography has also largely supplanted chemical absorption... 

A principal components multivariate statistical approach (SIMCA) was evaluated and applied to interpretation of isomer specific analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using both a microcomputer and a main frame computer. Capillary column gas chromatography was employed for separation and detection of 69 individual PCB isomers. Computer programs were written in AMSII MUMPS to provide a laboratory data base for data manipulation. This data base greatly assisted the analysts in calculating isomer concentrations and data management. Applications of SIMCA for quality control, classification, and estimation of the composition of multi-Aroclor mixtures are described for characterization and study of complex environmental residues. 

Ghristophersen AS, Biseth A, Skuterud B, Gadeholt G. 1987. Identification of opiates in urine by capillary column gas chromatography of two different derivatives. J Chromatogr... 

More than 100 compounds are released in the atmosphere of urban areas by automobiles, and there is a close relation between the atmospheric hydrocarbon composition and the composition of gasolines and automobile exhausts. The full range of compositions of gasolines has been reported by Sanders and Maynard.They identified 180 of the 240 compounds separated by capillary-column gas chromatography. Detailed fiiel compositions were reported by other investigators, and exhaust hydrocarbon compositions were reported by Neligan et a/.,McEwen, and, more recently. Papa et Jacobs, ... 

Arrendale, R.F. and Rogers. L.B. Use of capillary column gas chromatography to evaluate the quality of coal tar pitches. Separation Sci. Technol, 16 487-493,1981. 

J.M.P. Douse, Trace analysis of explosives at the low nanogram level in handswab extracts using columns of Amberlite XAD-7 porous polymer beads and sdica capillary column gas chromatography with thermal energy analysis and electron capture detection , J. Chromatogr., 328 (1985) 155-165. 

K. D. R. Setchell, J. A. Ives, G. C. Cashmore and A. M. Lawson, On the homogeneity of stools with respect to bile-acid composition and normal day-to-day variations A detailed qualitative and quantitative study using capillary column gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Clin. Chim. Acta, 1987, 162, 257. 

Munch JW, Bassett MV (2004) EPA Method 521. Determination of nitrosamines in drinking water by sohd-phase extraction and capillary column gas chromatography with large volume injection and chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH. Available at www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/m 521.pdf... 

EPA. 1989e. Measurement of purgeable organic compounds in water by capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry - method 524.2. Cincinnati, OH U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory. 

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