Manipulation of data

Microsoft Corp., Microsoft Quickbasic, Programming in Basic, Version 4.5, Microsoft Press, Redmond, WA (1988). 

Miller and J. E. Freund, Probability and Statistics for Engineers, Second ed., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 

Daniels, An Introduction to Numerical Optimization Methods and Optimization Techniques, North Holland, NY 

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The ion-trap and Q-ToF instruments are, because of the way that they operate, unable to carry out precursor-ion scans. Computer manipulation of data generated during product-ion scans of the Q-ToF system, however, can yield equivalent data to that produced directly by precursor-ion scans on other instruments and an evaluation of this software-based approach has been carried out [14],... 

MINITAB readily produces many useful manipulations of data such as were obtained in this experiment. Figure 2 shows histograms of the responses, indicating that, for the limited number of data points, the experimental values for each response approach a normal distribution. Thus, the statistical analysis was considered valid. Table III shows a copy of the computer printout of a correlation table with all the responses. Clearly, Property A and Property B are negatively correlated, as predicted, but Property B and Property E are not well correlated. 

Since it is necessary to represent the various quantities by vectors and matrices, the operations for the MND that correspond to operations using the univariate (simple) Normal distribution must be matrix operations. Discussion of matrix operations is beyond the scope of this column, but for now it suffices to note that the simple arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division all have their matrix counterparts. In addition, certain matrix operations exist which do not have counterparts in simple arithmetic. The beauty of the scheme is that many manipulations of data using matrix operations can be done using the same formalism as for simple arithmetic, since when they are expressed in matrix notation, they follow corresponding rules. However, there is one major exception to this the commutative rule, whereby for simple arithmetic ... 

Additionally, with the inclusion of computers as part of an instrument, mathematical manipulation of data was possible. Not only could retention times be recorded automatically in chromatograms but areas under curves could also be calculated and data deconvoluted. In addition, computers made the development of Fourier transform instrumentation, of all kinds, practical. This type of instrument acquires data in one pass of the sample beam. The data are in what is termed the time domain, and application of the Fourier transform mathematical operation converts this data into the frequency domain, producing a frequency spectrum. The value of this methodology is that because it is rapid, multiple scans can be added together to reduce noise and interference, and the data are in a form that can easily be added to reports. 

E. W. Smith, J. M. Haigh, and R. B. Walker. Analysis of chromameter results obtained from corticosteroid-induced skin blanching I Manipulation of data. Pharm. Res. 15 280-285 (1998). 

A word about errors. I have used the phrase treatment of errors fairly liberally. A few of my colleagues take this phrase to mean the statistical manipulation of data once the latter have been obtained. I have followed a different tack, and mean here those errors and faults which can creep into an actual experimental measurement. Indeed, this book is not long enough to describe the actual manipulation of data. 

Monitoring, Collection and manipulation of data for control and diagnostic purposes. Monitoring systems will have sensors to measure temperatures, pressures, flow rates, and the... 

In contrast, those needing tests for quality control are more satisfied with existing methods, but nevertheless an equally consistent complaint is that the tests should be quicker and cheaper to perform. Vast strides have been made in efficiency through the automation of apparatus and the manipulation of data, but commercial pressures are such that improvements continue to be sought. 

Raw data storage with post-run calculation and manipulation of data Tor opltmi/ing variables and methods development. 

The logical and combinatorial chemical applications of computers are based on integer computation. Storage, retrieval and manipulation of data as well as deductive operations by computers are in that category. Chemical documentation, information oriented synthesis design, and the deductive solution of chemical problems are examples. In the deductive solution of chemical problems the solutions of the individual problems are deduced from general principles. 

This process for separating the various DEPT subspectra by arithmetic manipulation of data resulting from different 0 values is referred to as editing. The edited DEPT spectra of the molecule below (artemisinin) are shown in Figure 12.17 ... 

Manipulation of data is seen when attempts have been made to show larger differences between groups than really exist, to reduce the variability... 

Data should be entered or amended only by persons authorized to do so. Suitable security systems should be in place to prevent unauthorized entry or manipulation of data. The activity of entering data, changing or... 

As in the bizarre story of the Norwegian Blue Parrot, in the diagnosis, therapy selection, and prognosis, and in all the other manipulations of data that take place to ensure your health and well being, your digital patient record will be frequently manipulated. The issues, benefits, and risks that genomics-based profiles will entail are described in the rest of this chapter and the chapter following. 

OLAP (online analytical processing) The sophisticated manipulation of data for analytic purposes, often using data organized into the cube structure. 

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