Cancer cells electrochemical

Example to Electrochemical Sensing of Cancerous Cells Response to Drug Treatment... 

An array of eight-channeled 100 nL electrochemical chambers was loaded with HT-29 human colon cancer cells that were treated with BA or its derivatives. The HT-29 cells were grown in DMEM medium in the presence of fetal bovine serum for 3 days prior to drugs treatment. The measurements were performed in PBS with the intact cells and without additional treatment of the cancer cells such as lysis. 

The effect of BA, AN-9, and AN-7 on the HT-29 colon cancer cells was examined after incubation for 96 h, by measuring the induced alkahne phosphatase activity. Each electrochemical chamber on the array was loaded with cells exposed to different agent type. BA, AN-7, and AN-9 were tested. The results are shown in Fig. 12.4. 

Fig. 12.4 HT-29 colon cancer cells response to BA, AN-7, and AN-9. Amperometiic response curves for monitoring of alkaline phosphatase activity using the electrochemical array chip. The HT-29 colon cancer cells were exposed to the differentiation agents Butyric acid (2.5 mM), AN-7 and AN-9 (50 pM). The HT-29 cells with the substrate PAPP were placed into the 100 nL volume electrochemical chambers on the chip. Current was measured using the amperometric technique at 220 mV...

In this study, we have demonstrated a new electrochemical method for highly sensitive, accurate, and rapid multiplex detection of colon cancer cells response to differentiation therapy. The development of an electronic biochip array system, adjusted to biological experiments can help tailor cancer treatment to individual patients. Human colon cancer cells, HT-29, were treated with the differentiation therapy drag agents BA, AN-7, and AN-9, and the cells response was simultaneously measured on hue and compared. This microarray technology provides the ability to test on line the affect of multi-drag agents, and to tailor effective therapy to the individual. 

We found significant quantitative correlation between the induced current signals and the number of cancer cells counted inside the nano-volume electrochemical chambers. The ability to quantitate the enzymatic reaction of few living cells is due this new geometry, in which electrochemical cell dimensions... 

S. A. Rotenberg and M.V. Mirkin, Scanning electrochemical microscopy Detection of human breast cancer cells by redox enviromnent. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, 9(4), 375-382 (2004). 

Interestingly, the class of biochemically active substances called alkaloids, which are often toxic (sometimes extremely so) can act as neurotransmitters. Also relevant is the subject of enzymes and enzyme inhibitors, for alkaloids are also known enzyme inhibitors and may act against cancer cell metabolism. Enzymes are the catalytic agents for the various body processes, and along with catalysis, there are electrochemical phenomena involved — a manifestation somewhat similar to neurotransmission. 

A very interesting biosensor was developed based on a similar principle for the detection of cancer cells [34]. The aptamer selected for acute leukaemia cells was fixed onto a gold electrode and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique was used to characterize the surface with [Fe(CN)6] as a redox probe. Upon binding of the aptamer-modified electrode with leukaemia cells, the electron-transfer resistance of [Fe(CN)6] on the sensor surface increased substantially. A linear relationship was observed between the electron-transfer resistance and the concentration of the leukaemia cells in a range 1 x lO to 1 x 10 cells/mL with a detection limit of 6 x 10 cells/mL and high selectivity. 

C. Pan, M. Guo, Z. Nie, X. Xiao, and S. Yao, Aptamer-based electrochemical sensor for label-free recognition and detection of cancer cells. Electro-analysis, 21, 321-1326 [2009],... 

Feng, L. Chen, Y Ren, J. Qu, X. A graphene functionalized electrochemical aptasensor for selective label-free detection of cancer cells. Biomaterials 2011,32, 2930-2937. 

Progress in this area has been considerable in recent years and hopefully some non precious metal catalyst will be used in fuel cells in the near future. On the other hand, the stability of metallophthalocyanines makes them appropriate for applications in various fields such as chemical catalysis (such as the MEROX process for the sweetening of oils), dye stuffs, coloring for plastics and metal surfaces, sensors, chromatographic detectors, photoconducting agents, and so on. These complexes are also used for photobiology and photodynamic cancer therapy, electrochemical... 

Ge, S., Zhang, Y., Zhang, L., Liang, L., Liu, H., Yan, M., Huang, J., Yu, L, 2015. Ultrasensitive electrochemical cancer cells sensor based on trimetalUc dendritic Au PtPd nanoparticles for signal amplification on lab-on-paper device. Sensors and Actuators B 220, 665-672. 

Liu, J., Qin, Y., Li, D., Wang, T., Liu, Y, Wang, J., Wang, E., 2013. Highly sensitive and selective detection of cancer cell with a label-free electrochemical cytosensor. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 41, 436 41. 

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