Electronic biochips

Xanthon (now defunct) planned to introduce a disposable 96-well microplate microelectrode system known as the X AS (Xanthon Xpression Analysis System) for use in high-throughput nucleic acid assays using robotic 

Illumina produces fiberoptic random bead arrays. Latex beads are encoded using different fluorescent dye mixtures that are either adsorbed into the particles or attached to the surfaces. Presynthesized oligonucleotides are attached to selected bead populations so that a single dye or dyerdye ratio identifies the attached oligonucleotide. Populations are mixed in bulk and then loaded onto the tips of a fiberoptic, one end of which has been acid etched to form microscopic nanowells. The nanowells are filled at random with the mixed bead population to create a BeadArray . Such bxmdles can 

Density is determined by the number of etched wells. Very small volumes of sample can be addressed at high sensitivity. The major application for Illumina s products has been for high-throughput SNP genotyping. With densities up to 50,000 beads per optical fiber, a 96-well system can process 150,000 SNPs in parallel, providing the potential to call more than 1 million genotypes per day. 

Applying Genomic and Proteomic Microarray Technology in Drug Discovery 

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FIGURE 11.28 Silicon wafer-based electronic biochip (10 X10 arrays) (see Plate 11 for color version). 

In this study, we have demonstrated a new electrochemical method for highly sensitive, accurate, and rapid multiplex detection of colon cancer cells response to differentiation therapy. The development of an electronic biochip array system, adjusted to biological experiments can help tailor cancer treatment to individual patients. Human colon cancer cells, HT-29, were treated with the differentiation therapy drag agents BA, AN-7, and AN-9, and the cells response was simultaneously measured on hue and compared. This microarray technology provides the ability to test on line the affect of multi-drag agents, and to tailor effective therapy to the individual. 

FIGURE 11.27 Schematic of x-y addressable electronic arrayed biochip. 

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