Calendula flowers

A.R. Bilia, D. Salvini, G. Mazzi and F.F. Vincieri, Characterization of calendula flower, milk-thistle fruit, and passion flower tinctures by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS. Chromatographia 53 (2001) 210-215. 

Marked variations in the stability of 21 tinctures and 13 related singleentity plant compounds were noted (26). Bilia et al. (27) investigated the stability of 40% and 60% v/v tinctures of artichoke, SJW, calendula flower, milk thistle fruit, and passionflower. The investigation showed a very low thermal stability of the constituents from accelerated and long-term testing as determined by HPLC iode array detector and MS analyses. Stability was related both to the class of flavonoids and water content of the investigated tinctures. Shelf life at 25° C of the most stable tincture (passionflower 60% v/v) was about six months, whereas that of the milk thistle tinctures was only about three months. The stability of artichoke and... 

Lycopene, a highly active carotenoid, is found in tomatoes (especially tomato sauces and ketchup), watermelon, pink grapefruit, guava, and calendula flowers. Men who regularly consume lycopene have a lower incidence of prostate cancer. 

CALENDULA FLOWERS are the dried flowers of Calendula officinalis L., family Asteraceae. 

Calendula flower. In Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J, eds. Herbal Medicine-Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA Integrative Medicine Communications, 2000 44-46. 

Preparations of calendula flowers are used externally to treat dermal and mucous membrane inflammations, hard-to-heal wounds, leg ulcers, dermatitis, mild bums, and sunburn internally for inflammatory lesions of the oral and pharyngeal mucosa also used as an immunostimulant in treating skin inflammations and herpes zoster infections (escop 3 wichtl). ... 

The elder flower is rather musk-scented. Some feel that its perfume is somewhat psychoactive, and this may be the reason why so much lore and legend surround it. Elder blossoms are often used in herbal salves for tropical application to the skin. Other common herbs included in such salves are comfrey leaves (Symphytum officinale), calendula (Calendula officinalis) blossoms and plantain (Plantago major) leaves. 

Chromatographic profiles of calendula, milk-thistle and passion flower tinctures (each 60 per cent v/v, ethanol) are shown in Fig. 2.50. Analytes were well separated under the... 

Fig. 2.50. Profiles of calendula (a), milk-thistle (b) and passion flower (c) tinctures (each 60 per cent v/v, ethanol) with the HPLC-MS attributions of the components detected, lc = quercetin-3-O-ruti-nosylrhamnoside 2c = rutin 3c = isorhamnetin-3-O-ruti-nosylrhamnoside 4c = isoquercitrin 5c = isorhamnetin-3-O-gluco-sylglucoside 6c = narcissin 7c = isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside lm = taxifolin 2m = siliydianin 3m = silychristin 4m = oxy derivative of silybin/isosilybin isomers 5m and 6m = 2,3-dehydro derivatives of silybin/isosilybin isomers 7m = silybin 8m = isosilybin lp = 6,8-diC-glucosylapigenin 2p = isoschaftoside 3p = shaftoside 4p = homoorientin 5p = isovetexin-2"-0-glucoside 6p = vitexin. Reprinted with permission from A. R. Biha et al. [150].

LIST AND AMOUNTS (MG/ML MEANS SD OF RESULTS FROM THREE REPLICATE ANALYSES) OF FLAVONOLS PRESENT IN CALENDULA. FLAVOLIGNANS IN MILK-THISTLE AND FLAVONS PASSION FLOWER TINCTURES... 

Many hardy annuals, such as calendula (pot marigold), Phacelia tanacetifolia, and the poached-egg plant Limnanthes douglosii), will self-seed, reappearing year after year. Self-sown plants tend to be much sturdier, and flower earlier, than those you sow yourself. Unwanted seedlings can simply be hoed off, or transplanted to a more appropriate site. 

Grow annual flowering plants such as calendula (also edible) or Convolvulus tricolor to attract predators to improve pest control. 

Among five triterpenoids isolated from Calendula officinalis flowers, P-amyrin (119), faradiol (232), i /-taraxasterol (238), taraxasterol (239), and lupeol (238), the diol 232 was the most active. It showed a dose-dependent effect with a potency that equals that of indomethacin (5) in the topical anti-inflammatory assay with croton oil [33]. Esterification at C-3 of 232 with a fatty acid reduced the activity by more than 50% [33] consistent with our observation in the TPA-induced assay described above. The anti-inflammatory properties, as determined by croton oil-induced edema of mouse ear, of faradiol-3-O-myristate (233) and its 3-O-palmitate (234), the main components of lipophilic extracts of C. officinalis flowers, were shown to be contribute significantly to the pronounced antiphlogistic activity of the lipophilic extracts of C. officinalis flowers [34]. 

Further work on the free and ester-bound triterpenoid alcohols in cellular subtractions of Calendula officinalis flowers has appeared. An investigation of the mass spectral fragmentation of pentacyclic hydrocarbons in petroleum has been published. ... 

Calendulas are herbs that have l -3", orange or yellow flowers, giving bouquets of color for borders and indoor use. Plants grow 1 -3 high with a bushy habit. Calendulas blend well into bedding schemes, herb gardens, and containers. 

For earliest color, transplant or seed in full sun. In hot climates plants appreciate some afternoon shade. While calendulas tolerate poor soil, they prefer average soil and must have good drainage. Water regularly, keeping soil slightly moist. When first buds appear, pineh back the main stem to promote maximum flowering. In adverse conditions, such as excess heat, calendulas may still flower, but stems will be shorter. 

The hydroxylation of triterpenols to the corresponding diols in the flowers of Calendula officinalis apparently occurs exclusively in the chromoplasts, " and the triterpenol ester is substrate. The formation of triterpenoid analogues of carotenoids... 

Fig. 7j8 Calendulae flos Marigold flowers Calendula officinalis L. Asteraceae...

The triterpene-enriched fraction of the supercritical CO2 extract of the dried flowers of Calendula officinalis (Asteraceae) inhibited the croton oil-induced ear edema in mice. Of the identified compounds, the faradiol monoesters, lupeol, F-taraxasterol and a mixture of taraxasterol/ 5-amyrin were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity. Faradiol, obtained by hydrolysis of the extract, was the most active compound. It showed a dose-dependent effect with a potency that equals that of indomethacin at 0.14 fimol/cm2 (48% and 47% edema inhibition, respectively). The esterification of faradiol resulted in a reduction of more than 50% in the activity (only 31% inhibition was observed at 0.14 pmol/cm2), whereas 4/-taraxasterol, a C-16P dehydroxylated derivative of faradiol, was less active (47% inhibition at a dose of 0.28 pmol/cm2) [43]. 

New lupanes include heliantriol B2 (93) from the flowers of Helianthus annuus and also Calendula officinalis (Compositae) and the triol (94) from the bark of an unidentified Glochidion species (Euphorbiaceae). The (known) triterpenoids from several other species from Euphorbiaceae have been identified. ... 

Calendula oil. Extract of the fat oil from flowers of marigold Calendula officinalis, Asteraceae) for pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses, e. g., anti-inflammatory ointments. C. for technical uses is also obtained from marigold seeds. The seed oil contains large amounts (ca. 60%) of esterified calend(ul)ic acid [(8 ,10 ,12Z)-octadecatrienoic acid, CuHjqOj, Mr 278.44, mp. 40-40.5 °C]. The conjugated double bonds of calendulic acid are readily oxidized and polymerized so that C. can also serve as starting material for paints and varnishes. 

Definition Derived from flowers of Calendula officinalis... 

Calendula officinalis extract CAS 84776-23-8 EINECS/ELINCS 283-949-5 Synonyms Calendula extract Calendula officinalis Marigold extract Marigold flower extract... 

Definition Extract of flowers of Calendula officinalis Toxicology LD50 (IP, mouse) 300 mg/kg Uses Emollient in cosmetics topical antiinflammatory natural flavoring agent in foods use as colorant in cosmetics prohibited In U.S. Regulatory FDA GRAS not listed as approved... 

Black caraway (Nigella sativa) Black catechu (Acacia catechu) extract Black pepper (Piper nigrum) oil Blackthorn berries (Prunus spinosa) Bois de rose (Aniba rosaeodora) oil Boronia (Boronia megastigma) flowers Buchu, leaves oil Cajeput (Melaleuca leucadendron) oil Calamus oil Calendula officinalis Camphor Capsicum Capsicum frutescens extract Caraway (Carum carvi) oil Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum)... 

Isol. from Marigold (Calendula officinalis) flowers. Mp 151°. 

It is instructive to concentrate on the flavonoids, as these are of primary importance in qualitative assays of several HDs. Silica gel as stationary phase and ethyl acetate-ethyl methyl ketone-formic acid-water (50 30 10 10 by volume) as mobile phase is used in the analysis of flavonoids with C-glycosides (hawthorn, passion flower), and a mobile phase of ethyl acetate-formic acid-acetic acid-water (100 11 11 27 by volume) is used as the basic solvent for 0-glycosides (arnica, calendula, chamomille). Following spraying of the plates with 2-aminoethyldiphenyl-borinate (NTS, 1% in methanol) and subsequent treatment with poly(ethylene glycol) 4000 (PEG, 5% in ethanol), flavonoids display yellow to green fluorescence under UV irradiation at 365 nm. The frequently observed blue spots represent phenol... 

In a bioassay-oriented fractionation of Calendula officinalis flower extracts, the most potent anti-inflammatory activity was found to he in the free triterpenes, rather than the saponins. While several active triterpenes were identified, the most active was faradiol monoester (Della Loggia et al. 1994). 

Della Loggia, R., Tubaro, A., Sosa, S., Becker, H., Saar, St. and Isaac, O. 1994, The role of triterpenoids in the topical antiinflammatory activity of Calendula officinalis flowers , Planta Medica 60 516-520. 

PS-Ill arabino-p-3,6-galactan 35,000 phagocytosis enhancing activity Calendula officinalis L., flowers 1989 [89]... 

Marigold Calendula officinalis Flowers Skin creams/lotions... 

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