Ear edema inhibition

Anti-edema activity. Methanol extract of the root, applied externally to mice at a dose of 2 mg/ear, produced inhibition ratio of Anti-estrogenic effect. Ethanol (95%) extract of the dried seed, administered by gastric intubation of ovariectomized mice at a dose of 40 mg/kg daily for 3 days, produced weak activity° h Petroleum ether extract of the dried seed, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, was active° k... 

Certain echinacea constituents have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase, and hyaluronidase may be involved. In animals, application of Epurpurea prior to application of a topical irritant reduced both paw and ear edema. Despite these laboratory findings, randomized, controlled clinical trials involving echinacea for wound healing have not been performed in humans. 

In vivo primary screening assay CRO Inhibition of croton oil induced ear edema... 

Substituted-l-naphthols are synthetic phenolic compounds with dual inhibitory activities. The most active compound, 2-allyl-l-naphthol, is a very potent 5-LOX inhibitor with an IC50 value in nanomolar range and also has moderate COX enzyme inhibition activity. The compound also possesses excellent topical anti-inflammatory potency in the mouse ear edema model... 

Recently, we have reported the in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of two saikosaponins isolated from B. rigidum, budlejasaponin IV and sandrosaponin I, in order to establish the possible real value of these kinds of compounds as anti-inflammatory agents [44]. We showed that saikosaponins inhibited the mouse ear edema induced by topical administration of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Saikosaponins, at a dose of 1 mg/ear, significantly inhibited swelling and were as potent as the reference drug indomethacin at 3 mg/ear. These findings were supported by vascular permeability analysis [Table 10 and Fig. (4)]. 

Forty-eight derivatives of berberine-type alkaloids were examined for their inhibition activity against the induction of mouse ear edema via application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Berberrubine chloride displayed inhibitory effects (ED50 1.3 pmol/ear 52% inhibition). Berberine derivatives had stronger inhibitory activity than palmatine derivatives. Since berberine and some of its derivatives are present in Chinese traditional drugs, which are used in combined Kampo prescriptions, it is important to determine if such alkaloids possess carcinogenic inhibiting properties [221]. 

All the compounds tested (theaflavin mixture, theaflavin monogallate, and theaflavin-3,3 -digallate) were effective in inhibiting ear edema and levels of inflammatory mediators in a dose-dependent manner. Theaflavin-related compounds were able to inhibit both the cytokines (peptide mediators of inflammation) and eico-sanoids (lipid mediators of inflammation). ... 

Capsaicin is a natural compound that has been described as both anti-genotoxic and anti-carcinogenic. In addition, it is surmised to have a potential chemopreventive activity [119]. The compound s antiinflammatory properties have been demonstrated in different in vivo pharmacological tests, which have shown that it inhibits, among others, carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats and croton oil-induced mouse ear edema. These effects are associated with its interference of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), the enzyme that produces arachidonic acid from the membrane phospholipids. Moreover, the proapoptotic effects of capsaicin are widely documented in the literature [120]. 

Plantamajoside (30) from P. asiatica and acteoside from P. lanceolata were tested for inhibitory effect on arachidonic acid-induced mouse ear edema [49]. Plantamajoside (30) showed a high inhibitory effect with inhibitions of 12 % at 1 mg / ear and of 25 % at 3 mg / ear. On the other hand, acteoside (1) showed a weak inhibitory effect with inhibitions of 6 % at 1 mg / ear and of 14 % at 3 mg / ear. This result showed good correlation with the inhibition of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase and 5-lipoxygenase. 

Triterpenes are widely distributed in plants, and in many cases are the principles responsible for their anti-inflammatory effects. Many of these compounds are active in different in vivo experimental models such as hind paw edema induced by carrageenan, serotonin and phospholipase A2 ear edema induced by phorbol and daphnane esters, ethylphenylpropiolate, arachidonic acid and capsaicin adjuvant arthritis and experimental models of allergy. Other effects have been studied in vitro, and some triterpenes are active against inflammatory enzymes like 5-lipoxygenase, elastase and phospholipase A2. Others inhibit histamine, collagenase and interleukin release, lipid peroxidation and free radical-mediated processes, metabolism of endogenous corticoids, and complement and protein-kinase activities. 

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