Passion flowers

The term pasaon flower is used to denote many of the approximately 400 species of the herb. F saon flower has been used in medicine to treat pain, anxiety, and insomnia. Some herbalists use the herb to treat symptoms of parkinsonism. F saon flower is often used in combination with other herbs , such a valerian, chamomile, and hops, for promoting relaxation, rest and sleep. Although no adverse reactions have been reported, large doses may cause CNS depression. The use of passion flower is contraindicated in pregnancy and in patientstaking the monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Fission flower contains coumarin, and the risk of bleeding may be increased when used in patientstaking warfarin and pasaon flower. 

Dong quai and several other herbal products, including evening primrose oil, passion flowers, sage, valerian root, flaxseed, and wild yam, have not demonstrated efficacy with regard to the relief of vasomotor symptoms, and the safety of these products is also questionable.4,33,35 Therefore, these products should not be recommended for the relief of vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. 

Evening primrose oil, passion flowers, sage, valerian root, and wild yam No demonstrated efficacy Not recommended Caution with all plant products in women with hay fever and plant allergies... 

Chromatographic profiles of calendula, milk-thistle and passion flower tinctures (each 60 per cent v/v, ethanol) are shown in Fig. 2.50. Analytes were well separated under the... 

Fig. 2.50. Profiles of calendula (a), milk-thistle (b) and passion flower (c) tinctures (each 60 per cent v/v, ethanol) with the HPLC-MS attributions of the components detected, lc = quercetin-3-O-ruti-nosylrhamnoside 2c = rutin 3c = isorhamnetin-3-O-ruti-nosylrhamnoside 4c = isoquercitrin 5c = isorhamnetin-3-O-gluco-sylglucoside 6c = narcissin 7c = isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside lm = taxifolin 2m = siliydianin 3m = silychristin 4m = oxy derivative of silybin/isosilybin isomers 5m and 6m = 2,3-dehydro derivatives of silybin/isosilybin isomers 7m = silybin 8m = isosilybin lp = 6,8-diC-glucosylapigenin 2p = isoschaftoside 3p = shaftoside 4p = homoorientin 5p = isovetexin-2"-0-glucoside 6p = vitexin. Reprinted with permission from A. R. Biha et al. [150].

LIST AND AMOUNTS (MG/ML MEANS SD OF RESULTS FROM THREE REPLICATE ANALYSES) OF FLAVONOLS PRESENT IN CALENDULA. FLAVOLIGNANS IN MILK-THISTLE AND FLAVONS PASSION FLOWER TINCTURES... 

A.R. Bilia, D. Salvini, G. Mazzi and F.F. Vincieri, Characterization of calendula flower, milk-thistle fruit, and passion flower tinctures by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS. Chromatographia 53 (2001) 210-215. 

Meier B. (1995). Passiflora incarnata L.—Passion flower. Zeitschrift fur Phytotherapie. 16(2) 115-26. Medina JH, Paladini AC, Wolfman C, Levi de Stein M, Calvo D, Diaz LE, Pena C. (1990). Chrysin (5,7-di-OH-flavone), a naturally-occurring ligand for benzodiazepine receptors, with anticonvulsant properties. Biochem Pharmacol. 40(10) 2227-31. 

It is, however, a recognized component of the extracts of the passion flower Passiflora incarnata, but the much more plentiful inventory of flavinoids present in this marvelously named plant seem to be the agents that are responsible for its sedative properties. Again, harman is probably not an active contributor to the reported pharmacological action. In fact it has been spotted as a component of cigarette smoke, and here it certainly cannot be a factor that contributes to the virtues of smoking. 

Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) Uses Rx of superficial wounds (bacterial, viral, fungal, insect bites, minor burns, cold sores, acne Action Broad-spectrum antibiotic activity against E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans Available forms Topical creams, lotions, oint, oil apply topically PRN Notes/SE Ataxia, contact dermatitis, D, drowsiness, GI mucosal irritation Interactions Effects OF drugs that affect histamine release EMS effects of Benadryl Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) Uses Anxiolytic, antispasmodic, dys-menorrheal, restlessness, sedative Action Inhibits uptake stimulates release of GABA, which T GABA concentration extracellularly causes sedation Available forms Ext 400-900 mg PO 30 min < hs, tea 2-3 g (1 tsp of crude herb) qid, PRN, tine 3-5 mL (1/2-1 tsp) (1 5 ratio) PO qid, PRN Efficacy Probably effective sedative (reduces sleep latency) Notes/SE GI upset, HA, insomnia, N/V, palpitations, restlessness, vision changes Interactions T Effects OF barbiturates, benzodiazepines, opiates, EtOH, catnip, hops, kavakava, passion flower, skullcap effects OF MAOIs, phenytoin, warfarin EMS T Effects of benzodiazepines and opiates abruptly D/C may cause withdrawal symptoms... 

Passion flowers contain harmine and harmaline, which have been used in the treatment of Parkinson s disease. Folk remedies use passion flower to treat depression and insomnia (see Chapter 65). 

Other supplements having milder effects on sleep include kava, scullcap, chamomile, passion flower, lemon balm, and lavender. 

Passion (Passiflora incarnata L.)—passion flower, flower extract... 

Passiflora incarnata (passion flower) (Passifloraceae), Banisteria caapi (Malpighaceae), Peganum harmala, Tribulus terrestris (Zygophyllaceae)... 

Harmaline (= 3,4- Passiflora incamata (passion flower) MAO-A (I2-R) (ot2A-R,... 

Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) [suspension culture], Passiflora edulis, P incarnata (passion flower) (Passifloraceae), Sickingia rubra (Rubiaceae), Symplocos racemosa (Symplocaceae), Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine), < ygophyllumfabago (Zvgophvllaceae) smoke of tobacco, Mcotiana tabacum (Solanaceae)... 

An alkaloid present in passion flower, the dried flowering and fruiting tops of Passifiora incarnata (Passifloraceae). 

Parthenogenesis Particle detectors Partridges Pascal s triangle Passion flower... 

The passion fruit flavor in prepared foods usually comes from the fruit of Passiflora edulis. Other notable fruits produced by species of Passiflora include the foot-ball-sized granadilla, from P. quadrangularis. Popular ornamental species include P. caerula, with its sky-blue flowers P. alato-caerula, a blue-purple flowered hybrid and P. mollissima, the banana passion flower, so named for the shape of its fruit. 

The passion flower was used by Catholic missionaries in the Americas to teach about the crucifixion of Christ. It is the events of Christ s passion, or suffering, which were said to be represented in the parts of the flower three stigmas or female receptive parts for the three nails used in the crucifixion, the five anthers for Christ s five wounds, the spiky corona for the crown of thorns, and the five petals and five sepals for the ten faithful apostles (the twelve apostles minus Peter and Judas). Additional interpretations are sometimes given to other parts of the plant, such as the identification of the rounded leaves with the hands of those who crucified Christ. 

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