Calcium stannates

Wet Process. The sodium arsenate and stannate slag are treated by a leach and precipitation process to produce calcium arsenate, calcium stannate, and a sodium hydroxide solution for recycle. The sodium antimonate filtercake containing selenium, tellurium, and indium is treated in a special metals refinery to recover indium and tellurium. 

Other. Insoluble alkaline-earth metal and heavy metal stannates are prepared by the metathetic reaction of a soluble salt of the metal with a soluble alkah—metal stannate. They are used as additives to ceramic dielectric bodies (32). The use of bismuth stannate [12777-45-6] Bi2(Sn02)3 5H20, with barium titanate produces a ceramic capacitor body of uniform dielectric constant over a substantial temperature range (33). Ceramic and dielectric properties of individual stannates are given in Reference 34. Other typical commercially available stannates are barium stannate [12009-18-6] BaSnO calcium stannate [12013 6-6] CaSnO magnesium stannate [12032-29-0], MgSnO and strontium stannate [12143-34-9], SrSnO. ... 

The source of the y-rays is the 119mSn isotope which is prepared by the (n,y) reaction of 118Sn. It decays with a half life of 245 days to give the nuclear excited 119Sn. This has a spin / of /2, and a half life of 1.84 x 10 x s, and emits ay-ray of 23.875 keV in its transition to the ground state with spin I of 1 /2. It is usually incorporated into barium or calcium stannate, which give a line-width of about 0.33 mm s 4. Measurements are usually carried out at 77 K, to increase the recoil-free fraction of the emission and absorption for BaSnC>3, this is 0.8 at 77 K, and 0.55 at 300 K. 

Mossbauer experiments were performed in transmission mode using a calcium stannate source. Spectra were deconvoluted using standard methods to separate contributions from Tin (II) and Tin (IV) peaks. The Mfissbauer spectrum of the cured rubber (see Figure 1) shows the Tin (II) and Tin (IV) oxidation states, with the Tin (IV) species representing approximately 67% of the total tin signal. Overall, the IS/QS values suggest that the Tin (IV) species formed in the rubber is most probably Tin (IV) oxide, Sn02. The presence of some residual unreacted Tin (II) catalyst within the cured rubber is clearly evident. 

Acid blue 93 Bone black Disodium EDTA-copper 2-Methoxy-5-nitroaniline colorant mfg, dry Lead oxide, yellow colorant mfg., ceramics Calcium stannate colorant, ABS... 

Calcium stannates and plumbates also exhibit hydraulic reactivity, but are of no practical interest. Calcium titanates are not hydraulically reactive. 

Calcium Silicate Bricks. The approved term (replacing sand-lime brick and flint-lime brick) for bricks made by autoclaving a mixture of sand (or crushed siliceous rock) and lime. Requirements and qualities are specified in B.S. 187, and in the USA, in ASTM C73 for calcium silicate facing bricks. Dimensions are specified in BS 4729. Calcium Stannate. CaSn03 sometimes used as an additive to barium titanate bodies, one effect being to lower the Curie temperature. 

The leach solution containing arsenic and tin is treated with a controlled addition of lime (CaO) to firstly precipitate tin as calcium stannate (CaSn03.3H20), and then by further Ume addition after dilution to a NaOH concentration of less than 80 g/L to precipitate arsenic as calcium arsenite (Ca3(As04)2). In some instances calcium carbonate is used for tin precipitation followed by lime addition, firstly to remove carbonate as calcium carbonate and then to precipitate arsenic. This approach may give a cleaner separation of tin if required. 

Tin tends to follow arsenic and antimony and is removed from lead bullion in softener slags or caustic slag from the Harris process. It is the most soluble of the three metals in caustic slags and can be selectively leached with water and precipitated from the resulting solution by the addition of lime to form calcium stannate containing around 40 per cent Sn. 

Yttrotantalite, -which is found at Ytterby and other parts of Sweden, and in Norway. It is richer in tantalum than in niobium, and contains considerable proportions of yttrium, erbium, cerium, and uranium, together with calcium, iron, etc.2 Tungstates and stannates are also present. 

The literature on metal complexes of carbohydrates through 1965 has been fully reviewed by Rendleman (I), and we shall therefore only discuss recent work. We shall not discuss the complexes formed with strong bases, such as calcium and barium oxide these are salts in which the sugar acts as a weak acid, losing one or several protons. Nor shall we discuss the complexes formed with anions of oxyacids—e.g., borate, stannate, periodate, etc. ions all these are compounds formed by covalent bonds in alkaline solution. We are concerned only with complexes formed with cations in neutral aqueous solution there is no evidence for the formation of complexes between sugars and simple anions in neutral aqueous solution. (For an example of complex formation between a sugar derivative and chloride ion in chloroform solution, see Reference 3.)... 

Inorganic pigments are found in the earth. Iron and lead oxides provide earth colors. Copper calcium silicate and cobalt stannate provide blues. The colors burnt sienna and burnt umber come from iron oxides. Green pigments come from chromic oxide, calcinated cobalt, and zinc and aluminum oxides. Red pigments come from cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, and barium sulfate. All these chemical compounds come from the earth. 

It has been found that compounds of the alkaline earth metals as well as rare earths are suitable for vanadium trapping. Patents relating to the use of titanates of calcium (22), barium (23), and strontium (24) have been issued. Equivalent stannates of calcium and strontium have also been recommended (24,25). Rare earths as separate particles (26) and in the same catalyst particle (27) have been proposed. Naturally occurring minerals such as Sepiolite and Dolomite which are rich in magnesium oxide and calcium oxide have been suggested (28). 

Salts Compounds formed by the union of acids and bases, by the action of alkalies upon metals, or by the direct union of elements. The term is often incorporated in the common name of salts used as pharmaceuticals bitter salts, epsom salt, or Seidlitz salt (magnesium sulfate), preparing salt (sodium stannate), Preston s salts (ammonium chloride), Rochelle salt or Seignette s salt (potassium and ammonium tartrate), salt of Mars (ferrous sulfate), salt of Saturn (lead acetate), salt of tartar (potassium carbonate), salt of tin (stannous chloride), salt of wisdom (mercury bichloride and ammonium chloride), sore-throat salt (fused potassium nitrate), vinegar salts (calcium acetate), and vomiting salt (zinc sulfate). The term is also applied to some acids, such as salt of lemon or sour salt (citric acid), salt of sorrel (oxalic acid), and spirit of salt (muriatic acid). ... 

Ammonium Bromide Ammonium Bisulfide Ammonium Hydrosulfide Ammonium Fluoride Ammonium Chloride Sal Ammoniac Santoprene 101-55 Santoprene 101-64 Santoprene 101-73 Santoprene 201-55 Santoprene 203-50 Calcium Hydrosulfide Ammonium Sulfide Potash Potassium Stannate Cumaldehyde Diphenylamine Amyl Cinnamaldehyde Phenoxyacetic Acid Diethylhexyl Sebacate (2-) Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Sebacate Dioctyl Sebacate Phenyl Acetate Phenoxyethanol (2-) Ethylene Glycol Phenyl Ether Arcel... 

A third point to be noted from table 8.07 is that among the compounds with the perovskite structure are many titanates niobates 4 stannates , etc., which would normally be regarded as inorganic salts. Structurally, however, there is no justification for this view. We shall later find that in the true salts of inorganic acids finite complex anions have a discrete existence in the crystal structure in calcium carbonate, for example, anions C032 are clearly recognizable and the structure as a whole is built up of these anions and of Ca2+ cations arranged in a manner very... 

Sodium acetate trihydrate Sodium arsenate Sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous Sodium stannate Tannic acid Titanium sulfate mordant, dyeing/printing fabrics Nickel sulfate Nickel sulfate hexahydrate mordant, dyeing fabrics Nickel sulfate Nickel sulfate hexahydrate mordant, dyeing leather Pyrogallol Titanium potassium oxalate mordant, dyeing textiles Albumen Aluminum diacetate Calcium acetate Chromium potassium sulfate Copper chloride (ic)... 

HYDRAULICALLY REACTIVE CALCIUM GERMANATES, STANNATES, AND PLUMBATES... 

Basic copper(ll) carbonate Cobalt(ll) stannate Cobalt(ll)-doped alumina glass Calcium copper(ll) silicate Sulfur radical anions in a sodium aluminosilicate matrix Barium manganate(VII) sulfete Copper(ll) phthalocyanine Basic oopper(ll) sulfete Iron(lll) hexacyanoferrate(ll) Cobalt(ll) silicate Basic copper(ll)... 

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