Bone black

Bone ash Bone black Bone cement Bone coal Bone density... 

The production process or the feedstock is sometimes reflected ia the name of the product such as lamp black, acetylene black, bone black, furnace black, or thermal black. The reason for the variety of processes used to produce carbon blacks is that there exists a unique link between the manufactuting process and the performance features of carbon black. 

When it is desirable to use a weak black, bone black may be substituted for carbon. It is manufactured by calcining animal bones and contains approximately 85% calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Black iron oxide (Fe O is stable up to 150°C. Copper chromite black (Cu(Cr02)2) is iuert to all but mbberlike compositions and has been calcined to 600°C. 

Bone black is sometimes ground veiy fine for paint, ink, or chemical uses. A tube mih often is used, the mill discharging to a fan which blows the material to a series of cyclone collectors in tandem. 

Fiuoride F- Not usually significant industrially Adsorption with magnesium hydroxide, calcium phosphate, or bone black Alum coagulation reverse osmosis electrodialysis... 

Bone meal, bone black Brewing grains, spent Carbon Celluloid... 

Most black pigments are made of carbon black formed by depositing carbon from a smoky flame of natural gas on a metal surface. Lampblack is made similarly by burning oik Bone blacks are made from charred bones. Graphite occurs naturally or can be prepared from coal in electric furnaces. Mineral blacks come from shale, peat, and coal dust. Iron oxide blacks are found in nature or prepared. Blue lead sulfate is a pigment for priming. Of these, carbon black is su[XTinr. 

Hirschhom, n. hartshorn, -geist, m. spirits of hartshorn (aqua ammoniac), -salz, n. salt of hartshorn (commercial ammonium carbonate). -Schwarz, n. hartshorn black (fine bone-black . -splritus, m. — Hirschhomgeist. Hirsch-leder, n. deerskin leather buckskin, -talg, m. deer tallow, -zimge,/. (Bot.) hart s-tongue-... 

Solid materials susceptible to self-heating in air Activated charcoal Animal feedstuffs Beans Bone meal, bone black Brewing grains, spent Leather scrap... 

If a good grade of cyanide be used, it is not necessary to add bone-black in order to obtain the acid in a pure state. 

CARBON, DECOLORIZING. (Activated carbon, bone black.) Forms of carbon having large surface area so that it has capacity to remove colors and impurities from air, gas, or solution. 

Other black substances are occasionally employed. Charcoal from various sources, when reduced to an impalpable powder, and mixed with the other ingredients, furnishes a deep blue-black ink that dries rapidly. Carbonized vine-stalks, wine-lies, woods of various kinds—in fact, carbonized lignin from any source, when ground sufficiently fine—sometimes a tedious and costly operation—answer well as also does bone-black. The brown tint possessed by lamp-black is not (infrequently neutralized by the addition of blue compounds, 3B indigo, Prussian blue, et cetera. 

Dumont s filter consists of a wooden box of j he form of a four-aided truncated pyramid with a double bottom. The inner bottom is a metallic plate pierced with numerous holes upon it a cotton cloth is kid, and coarse-grained animal charcoal moistened with water is then Bpread layer by layer each layer being rendered of uniform thickness, and packed or pressed closely together by means of a sort of trowel. When the bone-black has been thus formed into a compact bed or stratum of about fifteen or eighteen inches in thickness, and Within five to ten inches fi om the top of the box, it is covered with another cotton cloth, and with another metallic plate pierced with holes, The object of the second cloth and metallic cover Is to collect any substances which would otherwise obstruct the interstices of tho superior stratnm. of the bone-black—an inconvenient accident which is easily prevented by the use of such a cover, and this cover is readily exchanged for another, should it be no mo itself obstructed. The superior covir is only of use when the previously described filtration through the cotton bag or leaf filter is omitted. 

It is important, in order to avoid false passages, that the juice should be constantly at the same level of about three or four Inches above the cover of the bone-black. This is accomplished by means of a self-regnlatfug cock. 

The same bone-black maybe employed any number of times, provided the substances which it has withdrawn from tho sirup be. removed. This is sometimes done by allowing them to ferment, as in Peyros s filter but more frequently by simple rekihiirig. The kiln made. by G. -F. Chantrell of Liverpool for the revivification of the bone-black is seen in Fig. 558. Those of Pontifex and. Wood and others are under the article. Cftarcoal,... 

The sirup after passing through the bone-black filter is in the state of maximum purity. The subsequent processes of the sugar-maker consist in the removal of the water. This is effected by evaporation ... 

The employment of bone-black, also, resembles almost completely its use with cane sugar. In the beetroot sugar manufacture, however, tho filtering cylinders have usually a longer and narrower form than is the case with cane sugar. 

BONE BLACK,—At paga 336, eleventh line of first column, it is stated that solutions of sugar are better deprived of their color when alkaline than when acid. This, however, only applies to an alkalinity of sugar sirup produced by lime. 

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