Cadmium-plated steel

Fairly stable in steel containers at 65°C. Stability improves with increasing purity. Attacks tin, magnesium, cadmium plated steel, some aluminums slight attack on copper, brass, lead practically no attack on 1,020 steel, Inconel and K-monel. 

Cadmium casting Cadmium smelting Cadmium spraying Copper-cadmium melting Heating of cadmium-plated steel Revert annealing Storage battery manufacture... 

The conductivity and the composition of the medium are controlling factors in the extent of galvanic corrosion, as evidenced by the corrosion rates in 3% NaCI and tapwater (see Table 4.71). Cadmium-plated steel gives a lower corrosion rate than steel. 

Although cadmium has the nearest potential to that of aluminum in many environments, and cadmium-plated steel screws, bolts, trim, and so on, can be used in... 

Cadmium poisoning from dust and fumes arising from welding, brazing, soldering or heating cadmium plated steel. 

Cadmium welding cutting and welding cadmium-plated steel brazing or welding with cadmium alloys ... 

I BONDING PLATES OF SEVERAL CONDUCTORS (cadmium plated steel)... 

To complete the assembly of a cell, the interleaved electrode groups are bolted to a cov er and the cover is sealed to a container. Originally, nickel-plated steel was the predominant material for cell containers but, more recently plastic containers have been used for a considerable proportion of pocket nickel-cadmium cells. Polyethylene, high impact polystyrene, and a copolymer of propylene and ethylene have been the most widely used plastics. 

Analysis methods for hydrogen absorbed in the deposit have been described (65), and instmments are commercially available to detect hydrogen in metals. Several working tests have been devised that put plated specimens under strain and measure the time to failure. A method for cadmium-plated work has been described (66) as has a mechanical test method for evaluating treatments on AlSl 4340 Steel (67). Additional information on testing for hydrogen embrittlement is also available (68). 

D. Berman, "Effect of Baking and Stress on the Hydrogen Content of Cadmium Plated High Strength Steels," paper 192 presented at Corrosion 85 NMCE, Materials Peformance, Boston, Mass., Sept. 1985. 

RTJ gaskets are normally cadmium-plated, soft iron or low carbon steel. Soft iron is used for ANSI 600 and 900 classes, and 304 or 316 stainless steel for higher classes. 

Ion Vapour Deposition A variant of the process is ion vapour deposition, in which a high negative potential is applied to the workpiece during chemical vapour deposition. The process has been employed on a commercial scale chiefly for depositing aluminium on to steel and titanium in the aerospace industry as an alternative to cadmium plating, which is liable to cause hydrogen embrittlement, especially of high tensile steel components. The aluminium is evaporated from a wire-fed resistance-heated boat . 

Cadmium plating for general engineering use is covered by BS 1706 1960 and BS 3382 1961, and for aircraft parts by Ministry of Aviation Supply Specification DTD 904. Special requirements for very strong steels are given in Defence Standard 03-4 (Directorate of Standardisation, Ministry of Defence). 

Standard probe body from cadmium-plated mild steel (other metals available on special order)... 

Although one of the most common storage batteries is called the nickel/cadmium system ( NiCad ), correctly written (-)Cd/KOH/NiO(OH)(+), cadmium is not usually applied as a metal to form a battery anode. The same can be said with regard to the silver/cadmium [(-) Cd / KOH / AgO (+)] and the MerCad battery [(-)Cd/KOH/HgO(+)]. The metallic negative in these cases may be formed starting with cadmium hydroxide, incorporated in the pore system of a sintered nickel plate or pressed upon a nickel-plated steel current collector (pocket plates), which is subsequently converted to cadmium metal by electrochemical reduction inside the cell (type AB2C2). This operation is done by the customers when they start the application of these (storage)... 

The other method is cadmium electrodeposition on a nickel-plated steel foil (serving as current collector) using a plating bath containing acidified cadmium sulfate (type AB2C3). In this case the user is supplied with a battery in charged ( ready for use ) condition. 

Subcategory A encompasses the manufacture of all batteries in which cadmium is the reactive anode material. Cadmium anode batteries currently manufactured are based on nickel-cadmium, silver-cadmium, and mercury-cadmium couples (Table 32.1). The manufacture of cadmium anode batteries uses various raw materials, which comprises cadmium or cadmium salts (mainly nitrates and oxides) to produce cell cathodes nickel powder and either nickel or nickel-plated steel screen to make the electrode support structures nylon and polypropylene, for use in manufacturing the cell separators and either sodium or potassium hydroxide, for use as process chemicals and as the cell electrolyte. Cobalt salts may be added to some electrodes. Batteries of this subcategory are predominantly rechargeable and find application in calculators, cell phones, laptops, and other portable electronic devices, in addition to a variety of industrial applications.1-4 A typical example is the nickel-cadmium battery described below. 

Accdg to Ref 1, p 121 and Ref 2 p 191, Japanese Navy Fuzes utilized a characteristic Gaine which incorporated within itself the entire expl train. The Gaines were similar in external appearance but varied in size and internal construction. They were generally made of brass, cadmium plated and lacquered. More recently some Gaines were made of steel... 

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