Business rules

Storage is one of the biggest challenges of biodata. If you wish to keep all raw data, ensure that your infrastructure and support and grow in pace with the raw data. If you only want to keep the relevant data, ensure your that business rules are able to filter the raw data properly—that is, do not lose anything vital. Banks spend far greater proportions of their profits on servers... 

There are hundreds of different ways of integration scenarios between an ELN and another application. Described below are four recurring scenarios employed by many companies that describe how the extensibility of an ELN system makes it adapt to the business rules and workflow of a given company. 

System software maintenance presents some challenges. System updates may be needed to fix a glitch, incorporate protocol amendments, respond to changes in business rules, add, change, or disable reports, forms, or variables. 

Flexibility How are protocol exceptions handled Does it allow for the registration of interim visits What are the business rules for handling required and as-needed forms How easy is it to incorporate protocol or form changes ... 

Protocol rules, also known as business rules, are the rules that reflect the trial design. For examples, a protocol rule states that up to 99 interim visits can be scheduled between two protocol visits, visits may occur before or after their expected dates given a predefined leeway, and if the trial has multiple... 

Layered models—from business rules and processes to code... 

An invariant captures a consistency rule about a required relationship between attributes. For example, at the business level, an instructor should never be assigned to a course unless qualified. For a given implementation, this means that certain combinations of stored data should never occur. An invariant representing a business rule, such as assign-Qualified, could look a lot more complex when expressed against an optimized implementation. For example, to efficiently find replacement instructors as availability changes, the... 

Invariants express constraints on the state combinations of values that should always be observed. They can represent some categories of business rules. 

To represent business rules, we can separately introduce invariants that eliminate certain combinations, For example ... 

The same principle applies to attributes and associations. Is the renter linked to the person who last rented the video, or does it exist only while the video is out on hire Is the Customer associated with a check-out the person who takes the video away, or is it the person whose membership is used to rent it (Or does a business rule prevent these from being different people )... 

The spec says, Enters payment details, such as a credit card or payment on account. According to one of the business rules (see Section 10.11.1.2), the order must be entered as a sale in an Account associated with this Customer. 

Sales staffers will now work through a Sales Client component (see Figure 10.28). This is an evolutionary change the other components will stay exactly as they are. The Sales Client provides a single user interface to all the components used by the sales staff. It implements some of the cross-component business rules such as the Account-Order tie-up, eliminating that area of human error. 

Now that the Sales Client has become the sales operator s sole interface with the system, it should take complete responsibility for implementing the actions and business rules associated with sales. Its spec is the sales part of the requirements. It should therefore provide complete operations for making an order, adding the currently displayed product to the order, and creating and adding the proper amounts to the Customer s account. 

The lightest-weight domain model is simply a problem statement, with a glossary of terms that are used in the statement. More-precise models use types, collaborations, and refinements to define static and dynamic business rules. 

Pattern 14.2, Make a Business Model. Understand the terms your clients are using before anything else capture business rules, behaviors, and constraints that are independent of software solutions. 

Existing relational or entity-relational (E-R) models These provide a quick start on the terminology and some of the candidate object types in the business. However, because of the mores or normalization and the exclusive focus on stored data, these models can often be considerably simplified to build a type model. Where used, triggers and stored procedures often encode many business rules. 

Existing batch-mode systems Often, late-night COBOL batch jobs encode critical sets of business rules. Mary of these mles can be captured as time-dependent static invariants on the type model (the batch job cuts in to make sure that no objects will be in violation of these invariants, come sunrise) or as effect invariants, of the form Whenever this thing has changed, that other thing must be triggered. ... 

The purpose of the model is to represent both the terms used in the business and the rules and procedures it follows. Reduce business rules to invariants, generalized effect invariants, action specs, and timing constraints. 

The intent is to reduce misunderstandings between colleagues about the terms and parameters of the business. Making some of these business rules explicit and precise aids identification of software requirements (which parts of the rales are dealt with by which component, which by users), type models (the models provide the vocabulary that helps specify the rales), traceability from software to business, and enterprise-level knowledge management (explicit representation of business knowledge and rales). 

Seek business rales in the current actual business process, the process as documented, and rales encoded in existing software systems (from user manuals, database triggers, and batch mainframe programs see Chapter 17, How to Reverse-Engineer Types). Restate these business rules in terms of the following (in descending order of preference) ... 

Wherever business rules are susceptible to change, exploit packages to separate them out. Remember that, in Catalysis, you can always say more about a type, action, and so on in another package separating certain rules makes versioning and configuration management easier. 

A more difficult situation arises when we need to model a system in which the users may decide, while the system is running, that they need essentially new classes of items, with new attributes, business rules, and actions. 

The GUI is a separate layer. In contrast to an older client-server (two-layer) architecture, the user interface should deal only with presenting business objects to users and translating user typing, mouse clicks, and so on to business object commands. Business rules should be embodied within the business objects. 

Business This category covers application components that partition application logic and business rules and collaborate to achieve the required business function. 

Catalysis static invariants (this constraint between these attributes is always hue) and dynamic invariants (any action that causes such-and-such must also cause so-and-so) let us succinctly capture most business rules. 

Value chain strategy focuses on synchronized decision on business design and business rules in the value chain as summarized in the following definition. 

Value chain strategy is the integration of business design and business rule decisions in the value chain. 

Integrated decisions on global business design and business rules ""... 

The sales strategy needs to decide what product to be sold in which sales market representing the sales location in the value chain network. New markets needs to be evaluated for their attractiveness and the own competitive position with respect to existing products or the capabilities in the development of new products for the respective demand. Sales business rules include decisions on the strategic share of contracted business volumes vs. flexible spot business volumes. These business rules often depend on sales channels and frame contracts with customers. The sales strategy can be matched with classical marketing mix decisions on products, prices, promotion and communication, as well as sales channel decisions. 

Volume and values in the defined business design with the given business rules are optimized jointly in sales, distribution, production and procurement plans as illustrated in fig. 19. 

The value chain strategy process focuses on long-term strategic business design and business rule decisions. Decisions are based on yearly and quarterly buckets with a horizon of multiple years. This process is conducted or updated yearly with a new or an updated strategy in case of very dynamic markets, a review could also be quarterly. In decision making a... 

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