Bums, infected wounds

Chlorhexidine has found other medical appHcations, eg, in urology in preventing urinary tract infections (217), in obstetrics and gynecology (218), in controlling infection in bums and wounds (219), and in the prevention of oral disease (220). Hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine has been reported in Japan (221) but 0.05% concentration is considered to be safe. 

This drug is used for severe bacterial infections caused by microorganisms that are sensitive to the drag such as peritonitis, sepsis, abdominal infections, infections of the pelvis minor, infections of the lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, bones, joints, skin, soft tissues, and infected wounds and bums. Synonyms of this drug are claforan, zarivis, and others. 

It is used for peritonitis, sepsis, meningitis, cholangitis, empyema of the gaU bladder, pneumonia, lung abscesses, pyelonephritis, infections of the bones, joints, skin, soft tissues, abdominal and gynecological infections, and for infected wounds and bums. The main synonym of this drug is rocefm. 

It is used for pyelonephritis, cystitis, pneumonia, pleural empyema, peritonitis, sepsis, meningitis, purulent skin and soft tissue infections, infected wounds, bums, and so on, which are caused by microorganisms that are sensitive to the dmg. Gentamicin is the dmg of choice for severe bacterial infections caused by undetermined stimuli. Synonyms of this drug are garamycin, gentacylin, ribomycin, and many others. 

Bruises, bums, healing wounds, skin inflammation, conjunctivitis, some fungal infections, adenoid problems... 

Ficus exasperata Vahl. Buas baine Bums Mycoses (L), Infected wounds. Conjunctivitis, Wounds, cuts (La) Juice) leaf for scraping local use... 

Landolphia dulcis (R. Br.) Pichon. Bubot Infected wounds. Antipoison, Bums (R) 39 Tooth aches (St) Rroots powder toothbmsh... 

Bioterrorism effects can occur not only from a planned malicious activity, but at times, they are the unwanted and unanticipated result of accidental situations, for which, the ethical implications are clearly extremely different. An accidental explosion (Chernobyl) contaminated inland waters, caused short term bums and wounds, and permanent diseases such as leukemia in a planned war situation (Hiroshima) the effects were very similar. It is therefore very difficult to decide if infections coming from infected water results from occasional contamination by a person contaminating them with biological material, or from a planned terrorist action, aimed at harming the population drinking the water. 

The dried plant was historically used for constipation in Western medical practice. It is almost never used this way now the plant is strongly active, with potential unpleasant side effects from internal use, and there are easier alternatives. For bums and infected wounds, aloe and honey are both powerful choices. Several research studies have noted that the fresh aloe juice alone is active activity declines with time and with any change in color of the juice. The dried plant, with the juice extracted, has been found to be inert against staph bacteria. 

Early observations showed quicker healing, decreased infection, and reduced pain. Throughout the years, AM has been used to treat bums, surgical wounds, diabetic foot ulcers, chronic venous ulcers, and pressure ulcers. 

The importance of proper eye protection cannot be overemphasized. The U.S. National Institute of Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH) estimated that in 1982, bums and wounds, such as cuts or scratches, accounted for almost 15 percent of all occupational eye injuries, of which 44 percent were caused by chemicals (79). Laboratory researchers frequently use chemicals, cleansers, and disinfectants that can cause severe injury if splattered into the eye. For example, concentrated quaternary disinfectants splashed in the eye can cause blindness. Personnel must be cautioned as to the danger and given instmction in use of personal protection for eyes, face, and hands. In addition, infection can be transmitted through the conjunctiva of the eye if a liquid containing pathogenic microorganisms splashes into the eye. 

In a randomized prospective clinical study involving 30 patients, with each group of patients having comparable bum wound size, depth and location, the wounds were treated with either a nanosilver dressing or a gauze soaked in 0.5% silver nitrate solution. The frequency of burn wound sepsis was shown to be less in wounds treated with nanosilver than in those treated with silver nitrate. Furthermore, secondary bacteremia arising from infected wounds was also less frequent [49]. As well as bum wounds, there is now increasing evidence for the use... 

Amino acids promote the production of proteins, enhance tissue repair and wound healing, and reduce the rate of protein breakdown. Amino acids are used in certain disease states, such as severe kidney and liver disease, as well as in TPN solutions. (See the last section of this chapter for a more detailed discussion of TPN.) TPN may be used in patients with conditions such as impairment of gastrointestinal absorption of protein, in patients with an increased requirement for protein, as seen in those with extensive bums or infections, and in patients with no available oral route for nutritional intake ... 

An example of how these materials can be assembled into a useful artificial soft biologic is artificial skin. The use of artificial skin allows for prompt closure of the largest of bum wounds, thereby limiting wound contracture and providing permanent coverage with a readily available, easily stored skin replacement material. Key characteristics of artificial skin are biocompatibility and resistance to infection. 

Portulaca grandiflora Hooker Song Ye Mo (Purslane) (whole plant) Portulal, betacyanin, betanin, betanidin.55 Treat throat swelling and pain, externally for bums, wounds and infections. 

Bum wounds— anti-infective Mafenide acetate Sulfamylon... 

Biological and medicinal aspects of silver chemistry are covered in Chapter 62 but a number of features will be outlined here. Silver salts are powerful bacteriocides and it has been known for many years that storing water in silver vessels prevents spoilage. Silver nitrate is highly corrosive and can be applied locally to remove warts or cauterize wounds. In many states in the USA, a 1% AgN03 solution is dropped into the eyes of newborn infants to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum. Silver sulfadiazine has been found effective as a topical application to prevent infections in serious bums victims. 

Several tests with silicon containing compounds as therapeutics in human medicine have already been crowned with success. In France certain organosilicon preparations, DNR and RDN (compare Chap. 5.5), are used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, cancer and virus infections. In the Soviet Union extensive clinical tests with ointments of l-(chloromethyl)- and 1-ethoxysilatrane as possible drugs for treatment of different typs of alopecia were successful (compare Chap. 5.1). Further clinical studies showed that l-(chloromethyl)silatrane is also very promising in treatment of wounds and bums. In a Swedish hospital patients with poorly differentiated prostatic carcinoma were treated with 2,6-c/s-diphenyl-hexamethyl-cyclo-tetrasiloxane (Cisobitan ) the clinical study also yielded promising results (compare Chap. 5.3). 

Fox C L, Modak S M. Mechanism of Silver Sulphadiazine Action on Bum Wound. Infections. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother. 5 582-588.1974. 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bum, wound, and systemic infections Corneal ulcer, endophthalmitis... 

Use Prevention, treatment of infection in second-and third-degree bums, protection against conversion from partial-to full-thickness wounds (infection causes extended tissue destruction). Treatment of minor bacterial skin infection and dermal ulcer. Half-life UK Onset on contact Peaks 2 1 hours Duration as long as applied... 

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