Brazil biomass energy

Hall, D. O., House, J. I., and Scrase. I. (2000). An overview of biomass energy. In Industrial Uses of Biomass Energy the Example of Brazil, (F. Rosillo-Calle, H. Rothman, and S. V. Bajay, eds.), Taylor Francis, London. 

The world energy crisis of the 1970s, however, spurred interest once again in ethanol as a transportation fuel source. Brazil adopted the widespread production and use of Alcool, hydrated ethanol, and Gasolina a 78 22 ratio blend of gasoline ethanol as a motor fuel. Other countries developed policies to maintain a fuel grade ethanol industry by conversion of biomass. Also, clean air and reformulated fuel policies have helped to promote the use of ethanol as a viable alternative fuel. 

Brazil is a very large country with a warm and rather humid climate, which permits large, economical production of biomass. Nowadays, wood and charcoal are responsible for 25.7% of the total energy supply in the country. So, the intensive utilization of energy from biomass does not represent something really new. 

Potential production rates of energy (expressed in Meal/ hectare/year) in the form of alcohol, through biomasses that are already extensively planted in Brazil, are shown in Table II (3) ... 

In contrast to many other countries, Brazil obtains a large proportion of its energy, up to 46%, from renewable sources, of which biomass and hydroelectricity are the most important (Figure 3). A comparison of these figures with those from the countries of the European Community and the rest of the world shows that Brazil is far ahead in its use of renewable sources for its energy requirements. 

Recognizing these data constraints, it seems that biomass contributes about one-third of the primary energy consumption in developing coimtries but varies from over 90% in less developed countries such as Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Nepal to about 45% in India, 30% in China and Brazil, and 10-15% in Mexico and South Africa. By comparison, the share of primary energy provided by biomass within industrialized countries is estimated to be only about 3%. Importantly, however, the absolute consumption per capita varies by a much smaller amount worldwide. Indeed, cross-sectional studies seem to indicate that economic development does not usually result in less overall absolute use of biomass fuel, although its fraction of total energy declines and use shifts from households to other sectors. Overall, current commercial and noncommercial biomass fuel supplies about 20-60 EJ/y worldwide. Recent lEA estimations, for example, indicate approximately 40 EJ/y (Table II). 

The integration of biopolymer production into an existing sugar cane mill has been realized on a pilot scale by the company PHBISA in Brazil, where the saccharose obtained is converted to bioethanol and partly to PHA. In this scenario, the energy required for bioethanol and biopolymer production is generated by burning surplus biomass, namely bagasse. The fusel oil fraction of the bioethanol distillation is applied as an extraction solvent for PHA isolation from microbial biomass (Nonato et al. 2001). 

Another way to use biomass for energy In Brazil, sugar cane, turned into alcohol, has been used as engine fuel This helps Brazil to cut down its spending on imported oil. 

The agreement implemented by PEA, Policy Energy Act, followed by EISA, Energy Independence and Security Act, crave that it in 2022 to obtain about 36 billion gallons of ethanol per year, as well as the European Union seeks the use of 10% second-generation biofuels in transport in 2020 (Porzio et al., 2012). In this context, modeling studies indicates that a pilot plant would produce 40,000 t ethanol/year from 240,000 t biomass/year (Porzio et al., 2012). When the subject is biofuels, Brazil stands out as the protagonist. There are more than 35 years of research and development of various... 

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