World energy

Data from the World Energy Council. Values in parentheses are from British Petroleum. ... 

Survey ofEnerg i Kesources 16th ed.. World Energy Council, London. 

National Coal Association, International Coal 1991 edition, with data from the World Energy Conference, Washington, D.C., 1989. 

The World Energy Council issues Conference reports on reserves, resources md production at six-year intervals. More limited reports ate issued at two-year intervals. The next report is expected in the fall of 1997. 

BP Statistical Review of World Energy, British Petroleum Ltd., London, June 1993. 

Comprehensive reviews of energy sources are pubflshed by the World Energy Conference, formerly the World Power Conference at six-year intervals (83). The 1986 survey includes reserves and also gives total resources. In 1986 the total proven reserves of recoverable soHd fuels were given as 6 X 10 metric tons. One metric ton is defined as 29.2 x 10 MJ (27.7 x 10 Btu) to provide for the variation of calorific value in different coals. The total estimated additional reserves recoverable and total estimated additional amount in place are 2.2 x 10 and 7.7 x 10 metric tons, respectively. These figures are about double the 1913 estimates, primarily because significantly increased reserves have been indicated for Russia. 

In Table 9 (84), a somewhat different basis is used. The estimated total original coal resources of the world include beds 30-cm thick, and generally <1220 m below surface but also include small amounts between 1229 m and 1830 m. The data from column 1 are from earfler World Power Conference Surveys, whereas the figures for hypothetical resources (col. 2) and total estimated resources (col. 3) may be less reflable. This estimate represents about one-tbhd more than the World Energy Conference Survey. 

Survey of Energy Resources 1986 World Energy Conference, Central Office, London, 1986. 

Interpolated by P. E. Liley from tbe Landolt-Bomstein Land IVa, p. 557, 1967 tables based on Technical Data on Fuel, British National Committee, World Energy Conference, London. 

Van Der Walt, N. T., L. A. West, T. J. Sheef and D. Kubal. "The Design and Operation of a Dry Cooling System for a 200 MW Turbo-Generator at Grootvlei Power Station - South Africa," paper presented at the IX World Energy Conference, Detroit, Ml, (1974). 

The recent history of the world use of coal roughly follows that of the United States for two reasons. First, the United States and the industrial nations have had, in the aggregate, similar energy behavior in terms of energy sources. Second, the United States itself accounts for about one quarter of world energy rise. Thus, world energy use patterns reflect, to a considerable degree, those of the United States. 

Since the early 1990s the United States has imported more oil than it has produced for its own use. And, as the nuclear option became frozen, coal has become the chief source for gcirerating electricity, which itself accounts for about 35 percent of the energy sector. In 1997, 52 percent of electricity produced in the United States was generated from coal and in other recent years the fraction has approached 56 percent. Since the United States accounts for one—quarter of total world energy usage, the increase in coal use in the United States alone has a significant... 

The sociopolitical consequences of increased commitment to nuclear technologies which represent only 5 percent of world energy, raises questions of democratic decision-making to safeguard the environment and health and safety of the general public (Holdren, 1976). Some ask if it is worth the price. Research on the social and political implications identifies the crucial contrast between vulnerable and nonvulnerable technologies, and between technological waste and social waste. 

Clark, J. G. (1991). The Political Economy of World Energy. Chapel Hill and London University of North Carolina Press. 

Above, we said that (apart from crises like the eleven OPEC years) energy intensity E/GDP falls about 1 percent year (E is inversely proportional to energy efficiency, 11). Here we are concerned with trends in United States, and later, world energy use, so we write ... 

For this brief discussion, we factor world energy m 2100 as... 

Gautier, D. L. Dolton, G. L. Attaiiasi, E. D. (1998). 1995 National Oil and Gas Assessment of Onshore Federal Lands. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-75. International Energy Agency. (1998). World Energy Outlook. 

Bicsiot, W-, and Noorman, K. J. (1999). Energy Requirements in Household Consumption A Case Study of the Netherlands. Ecological Economics 28 367-383. BP Amoco. (2000). BP Statistical Review of World Energy. BP Amoco, London, . 

Meyers, S., and Schipper, L. (1992). World Energy Use in the 1970s and 1980s Exploring the Changes. Annual Review of Energy 17 463-505. 

United Nations. (2000). Yearbook of World Energy Statistics. UNO, New York. 

World Energy Council Commission. (1993). Energy for Tomorow s World. London Kogan Page. 

BP Amoco. (1996). Statistical Review of World Energy 1996. London, England Author. 

International Energy Agency. (1998). World Energy Outlook. Paris, France International Energy Agency70ECD. 

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