Brazil biomass energy used

Hall, D. O., House, J. I., and Scrase. I. (2000). An overview of biomass energy. In Industrial Uses of Biomass Energy the Example of Brazil, (F. Rosillo-Calle, H. Rothman, and S. V. Bajay, eds.), Taylor Francis, London. 

The world energy crisis of the 1970s, however, spurred interest once again in ethanol as a transportation fuel source. Brazil adopted the widespread production and use of Alcool, hydrated ethanol, and Gasolina a 78 22 ratio blend of gasoline ethanol as a motor fuel. Other countries developed policies to maintain a fuel grade ethanol industry by conversion of biomass. Also, clean air and reformulated fuel policies have helped to promote the use of ethanol as a viable alternative fuel. 

In contrast to many other countries, Brazil obtains a large proportion of its energy, up to 46%, from renewable sources, of which biomass and hydroelectricity are the most important (Figure 3). A comparison of these figures with those from the countries of the European Community and the rest of the world shows that Brazil is far ahead in its use of renewable sources for its energy requirements. 

Recognizing these data constraints, it seems that biomass contributes about one-third of the primary energy consumption in developing coimtries but varies from over 90% in less developed countries such as Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Nepal to about 45% in India, 30% in China and Brazil, and 10-15% in Mexico and South Africa. By comparison, the share of primary energy provided by biomass within industrialized countries is estimated to be only about 3%. Importantly, however, the absolute consumption per capita varies by a much smaller amount worldwide. Indeed, cross-sectional studies seem to indicate that economic development does not usually result in less overall absolute use of biomass fuel, although its fraction of total energy declines and use shifts from households to other sectors. Overall, current commercial and noncommercial biomass fuel supplies about 20-60 EJ/y worldwide. Recent lEA estimations, for example, indicate approximately 40 EJ/y (Table II). 

Another way to use biomass for energy In Brazil, sugar cane, turned into alcohol, has been used as engine fuel This helps Brazil to cut down its spending on imported oil. 

The agreement implemented by PEA, Policy Energy Act, followed by EISA, Energy Independence and Security Act, crave that it in 2022 to obtain about 36 billion gallons of ethanol per year, as well as the European Union seeks the use of 10% second-generation biofuels in transport in 2020 (Porzio et al., 2012). In this context, modeling studies indicates that a pilot plant would produce 40,000 t ethanol/year from 240,000 t biomass/year (Porzio et al., 2012). When the subject is biofuels, Brazil stands out as the protagonist. There are more than 35 years of research and development of various... 

The majority of people in the world live by growing plants and processing their products. Today about 14% of the world s primary energy is derived from biomass - equivalent to 20 m barrels oil/day (Fig. 1 and Table 2). Predominant use s in the rural areas of developing countries where half the world s population lives, e.g. Kenya derives 3/4, India 1/2, China 1/3 and Brazil 1/4 of their total energy from biomass. A number of developed countries also derive a considerable amount of energy from biomass, e.g. Sweden 9% and USA 3%. Worldwide expenditure on biomass programmes is over 2 bn/year. 

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