Bosch, Carl Nobel prize

Nobel Foundation. Carl Bosch-Biography, Nobelprize.org. Available online. URL http //nobelprize.org/nobel prizes/chemistry/ laureates/1931/bosch-bio.html. Accessed on March 17, 2008. 

BERGIUS, FREDERICK (1884-1949). A Gentian chemist who won the Nobel prize in 1931 with Carl Bosch for chemical high-pressure methods. He invented a method of converting coal dust into oil via pressunzed hydrogen, He also invented a method for production of cattle... 

Haber demonstrated that the production of ammonia from the elements was feasible in the laboratory, but it was up to Carl Bosch, a chemist and engineer at BASF, to transform the process into large-scale production. The industrial converter that Bosch and his coworkers created was completely revised, including a cheaper and more effective catalyst based on extensive studies in high-pressure catalytic reactions. This approach led to Bosch receiving the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1931, and the production of multimillion tons of fertilizer per year worldwide, see also Agricultural Chemistry Catalysis and Catalysts Equilibrium Le Chatelier, Henri Nernst, Walther Hermann Ostwald, Friedrich Wilhelm. 

Synthesis of ammonia in the Haber-Bosch process is one of the best studied catalytic processes. The process was developed by Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch and patented in 1910 (Haber, 1910) Haber was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1918 for this work. Today, almost all ammonia production is based on the Haber-Bosch process, and it is one of the largest chemical processes in the world with a yearly production of approximately 120 million tonnes (from the International Fertilizer Industry Association, World Ammonia Statistics for 2005). The main use of ammonia is as fertilizer for agriculture, which constitutes 80% of the world production. 

One was the hydrogenation of coal and crude oil bottoms into motor fuel as fundamentally solved by Friedrich Bergius (26), who together with Carl Bosch was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1932. In 1927 the flrst industrial gasoline plant with a capacity of 100,000 tons/year see Figure 5) was erected by BASF, at that time part of the IG Farben group (27),... 

In 1909 the German Chemist Fritz Haber discovered a catalyzed process [13], which allowed the synthesis of ammonia (NH3) from the elements hydrogen and nitrogen. He received the Nobel prize in chemistry for his discovery. The Nobel prize for Fritz Haber was a subject of controversy because Haber is also the inventor of war gas (phosgene COCI2), which killed hundreds of thousands of soldiers in World War I. Conscience-stricken, Haber s wife committed suicide. Carl Bosch succeeded to scale up Haber s synthesis from the laboratory scale to industrial production. After World War I other industrialized countries also introduced ammonia synthesis and therefore the consumption of hydrogen increased rapidly. 

Fritz Haber (Breslau, 9 December 1868-Basel, 29 January 1934) studied in Berlin, Heidelberg and Charlottenberg, and worked at first on organic chemistry. In 1894 he became assistant to Bunte at the Technical High School at Karlsruhe, where he became associate professor (1898) and (1906) professor of technical chemistry. Whilst at Karlsruhe he investigated the synthesis of ammonia from its elements (1905, 1915) which afterwards (with the collaboration of Carl Bosch) led to the development of the manufacture of synthetic ammonia by the Badische Co. at Ludwigshafen, although the reaction under pressure (the technical process) was first carried out by Nernst (see above). In 1911 Haber became director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry at Berlin-Dahlem. He received the Nobel Prize in 1919. He worked on chemical equilibria in flames (1895 f.), the electrolytic reduction of nitrobenzene (1898 f.), autoxidation (1900 f.), the synthesis of nitric oxide in the electric arc (1908 f.), and on many branches of electrochemistry. His books contain useful material, the one on thermodynamics an unsuccessful approach to the Nernst heat theorem. 

German industrial chemist. Bergius worked with Hermann Nemst at Berlin and Fritz Haber at Karlsruhe, where he became interested in high-pressure chemical reactions. He is noted for his development of the BERGIUS PROCESS. He shared the Nobel Prize for chemistry with Carl Bosch in 1931. 

Under normal conditions the yield is very low. Haber (1907-09) showed that practical yields could be achieved at high temperatures (250°C) and pressures (250 atmospheres) using a catalyst (iron is the catalyst now used). The process was developed industrially by Carl BOSCH around 1913 and is still the main method for the fixation of nitrogen. Haber received the Nobel Prize for chemistry for this work in 1918. 

BcrsiUS, Friedrich (1874-1949) German chemist who demonstrated the way in which high pressures and temperatures converted wood into coal. For this work, he shared the 1931 Nobel Prize in chemistry with Carl Bosch. 

Haber, Fritz (1868-1934) German chemist who, with brother-in-law Carl Bosch, invented a process for the synthesis of ammonia from hydrogen and atmospheric nitrogen, thus overcoming the shortage of natural nitrate deposits accessible to the German explosives industry in World War I. Haber s development of the process on an industrial scale provided copious quantities of fertilizers and also prompted the development of the chemical industry and chemical engineering. For his work, Haber received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1918. 

Haber was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1918, and Carl Bosch in 1931. 

Haber s scientific iegacy is unquestionable. He devised a method for the direct synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen. His process used high pressure and temperature, together with an osmium catalyst. This method was then adapted for use with an iron catalyst by Carl Bosch (1874-1949), and the process was scaled up for industrial production. The achievement of industrial nitrogen fixation was crucial for the development of inexpensive fertilizers and revolutionized food production worldwide. Haber received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his work on ammonia synthesis. 

The importance of catalysis for the development of chemistry subsequent to the foundational work of the nineteenth century has been recognized several times by the Nobel Committee. Following Ostwald s award (1909), early important contributions to the field led to Nobel Prizes to Paul Sabatier (1912), Fritz Haber (1918), and Carl Bosch and Friedrich Bergius (1931). Subsequently and... 

Later, Carl Bosch developed the process on an industrial scale. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931 was awarded jointly to Carl Bosch and Friedrich Bergius for their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods. 

Fritz Haber, 1968-1934, German physical chemist, winner of the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1918 for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements. With Carl Bosch, he invented a process for the large scale production of ammonia for nitrogen fertilizers. 

Dr. von Knieriem lived in a less rarefied atmosphere. Morris was not the only judge, after all. Von Knieriem did his best to show that Farben had coveted the old Nobel firm, simply as a business proposition, seven years before Hitler came to power. Nor was it Farben s responsibility that the firm s name had been shortened to "Dynamit A.G." Before Carl Bosch opened negotiations along with Schmitz (who was already in line for the presidency), the firm had dropped Alfred Nobel s name when he set up a prize for contributions to world peace. 

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