Nobel prize in chemistry

When considering how the evolution of life could have come about, the seeding of terrestrial life by extraterrestrial bacterial spores traveling through space (panspermia) deserves mention. Much is said about the possibility of some form of life on other planets, including Mars or more distant celestial bodies. Is it possible for some remnants of bacterial life, enclosed in a protective coat of rock dust, to have traveled enormous distances, staying dormant at the extremely low temperature of space and even surviving deadly radiation The spore may be neither alive nor completely dead, and even after billions of years it could have an infinitesimal chance to reach a planet where liquid water could restart its life. Is this science fiction or a real possibility We don t know. Around the turn of the twentieth century Svante Arrhenius (Nobel Prize in chemistry 1903) developed this theory in more detail. There was much recent excitement about claimed fossil bacterial remains in a Martian meteorite recovered from Antarctica (not since... 

The development of the structural theory of the atom was the result of advances made by physics. In the 1920s, the physical chemist Langmuir (Nobel Prize in chemistry 1932) wrote, The problem of the structure of atoms has been attacked mainly by physicists who have given little consideration to the chemical properties which must be explained by a theory of atomic structure. The vast store of knowledge of chemical properties and relationship, such as summarized by the Periodic Table, should serve as a better foundation for a theory of atomic structure than the relativity meager experimental data along purely physical lines. ... 

In cases of more effective 7t-electron donor or tz-donor neighboring groups, as is the case in forming /3-phenylethyl (studied by Don Cram from UCLA Nobel Prize in chemistry, 1987) or /3-halogen bridged species, these have sufficient electrons to form 2e-2c bonds (with some intermediate delocalization). 

Linus Pauling (1901-1994) was born in Portland Ore gon and was educated at Oregon State University and at the California Institute of Technology where he earned a Ph D in chemistry in 1925 In addition to re search in bonding theory Pauling studied the structure of proteins and was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for that work in 1954 Paul ing won a second Nobel Prize (the Peace Prize) in 1962 for his efforts to limit the testing of nuclear weapons He was one of only four scientists to have won two Nobel Prizes The first double winner was a woman Can you name her" ... 

The debye unit is named in honor of Peter Debye a Dutch scientist who did im portant work in many areas of chemistry and physics and was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1936... 

According to the theory proposed by Svante Arrhenius a Swedish chemist and winner of the 1903 Nobel Prize in chemistry an acid is a substance that ionizes to give protons when dissolved m water... 

Alkanes are so unreactive that George A Olahofthe University of Southern Cali forma was awarded the 1994 Nobel Prize in chemistry in part for developing novel substances that do react with alkanes... 

Although better known now for his incorrect theory that cycloalkanes were planar Baeyer was responsible for notable advances in the chemistry of organic dyes such as indigo and was awarded the 1905 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work in that area... 

Hassel shared the 1969 Nobel Prize in chemistry with Sir Derek Barton of Imperial College (London) Barton demonstrated how Hassel s structural results could be extended to an analysis of conformational effects on chemical reactivity... 

The 1967 Nobel Prize in chemistry was shared by Manfred Eigen a German chemist who developed novel methods for measur ing the rates of very fast re actions such as proton transfers... 

The French chemist Paul Sabatier received the 1912 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his discovery that finely di vided nickel is an effective hydrogenation catalyst... 

Van t Hoff was the recipient of the first Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1901 for his work in chemical dynam ICS and osmotic pressure—two topics far removed from stereochemistry... 

Fischer was the foremost or game chemist of the late nineteenth century He won the 1902 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his pioneering work in carbohydrate and protein chemistry... 

A particular kind of conjugate addition reaction earned the Nobel Prize in chemistry for Otto Diels and Kurt Alder of the University of Kiel (Germany) m 1950 The Diels-Alder reaction is the conjugate addition of an alkene to a diene Using 1 3 buta diene as a typical diene the Diels-Alder reaction may be represented by the general equation... 

Robinson won the 1947 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his studies of natural prod ucts He may also have been the first to use curved arrows to track electron movement... 

---