Books on Analytical Chemistry

The apparatus used for this test, the du-Pont nitrometer is described in most books on Analytical Chemistry, eg Scott Furman (Ref 3, p 651), but the description of proced is usually not sufficiently elaborate for anyone not familiar with the apparatus. The procedure described below was used during WWII for training technicians. It contains enough details to permit learning the handling of the apparatus by anyone without previous experience. The same proced can be used in detn nitric acid, K or Na nitrate, NC,... 

There are many books on analytical chemistry, but there were very few, and rather old ones at that, in French, until Francis and Annick Rouessac published the first French edition of the present book, eight years ago they had a niche to fill. Four successive editions have confirmed that they had filled it well their book was simple, highly informative, and it was kept up-to-date. Through its successive improvements, it has become ripe for translation. I am sure the present English version, for which there is no equivalent that 1 am aware of, will now be useful worldwide to students, as well as to professionals. Fare well, Rouessac and Rouessac ... 

Method Performance Detection Limits One common way of assessing one aspect of method performance is by detection limit, or by the term detectivity (power to detect the analyte), as opposed to the term sensitivity (strictly the slope of the calibration function), as used in the past by this author (Ihnat 1984). The concept of detection limit is defined and discussed in books on analytical chemistry and in papers by analysts and committees delving into the mathematical, statistical and quality facets of analytical method performance. Basically it is the amount, absolute (mass) or relative (mass/volume or mass/mass,... 

Light Absorption Spectrometry Light absorption spectrometry (molecular absorption) (LAS) has several names, and includes techniques such as UV/VIS (visible) spectrometry, colorimetry, flame molecular absorption, reflectance spectrometry, turbidimetry, nephelometry, ring oven technique, ion test paper and spot tests. Its colorful history and principles may be found in the older, classical books on analytical chemistry. Upor et al. (1985) have an entire volume on photometric methods in inorganic trace analysis in the respected Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry series covering interference separation and analyte concentration, preparation of samples, factors... 

Heinrich Rose (1795-1864) studied at the University of Berlin, and subsequently spent two years in Stockholm in Berzelius s laboratory as his private assistant. In 1823, he was appointed an associate professor and later regular professor at the University of Berlin, where he worked till his death. Rose discovered niobium. His manual Handbuch der analytischen Chemie (1829) was published several times, it was the hrst systematic comprehensive book on analytical chemistry in its entirety on the level of the age (Szabadvary 1966, p. 165). 

A detailed examination of the correlation between Vj and M is discussed in references on analytical chemistry such as Ref. 6. We shall only outline the problem, with particular emphasis on those aspects which overlap other topics in this book. To consider the origin of the calibration curve, we begin by picturing a narrow band of polymer solution being introduced at the top of a solvent-filled column. The volume of this solvent can be subdivided into two categories the stagnant solvent in the pores (subscript i for internal) and the interstitial liquid in the voids (subscript v) between the packing particles ... 

Although electron microscopy is approached in this chapter as an analytical technique (a variant of XRF), it is essential to state at the outset that electron microscopy is far more versatile than this. Many standard descriptions of electron microscopy approach the subject from the microscopy end, regarding it as a higher resolution version of optical microscopy. Several texts, such as Goodhew et al. (2001), Reed (1993) and Joy et al. (1986), are devoted to the broad spectrum of analytical electron microscopy, but the emphasis here on the analytical capacity is justified in the context of a book on archaeological chemistry. 

The principle of solvent extraction—the distribution of chemical species between two immiscible liquid phases—has been applied to many areas of chemistry. A typical one is liquid partition chromatography, where the principle of solvent extraction provides the most efficient separation process available to organic chemistry today its huge application has become a field (and an industry ) of its own. The design of ion selective electrodes is another application of the solvent extraction principle it also has become an independent field. Both these applications are only briefly touched upon in the chapter of this book on analytical applications (Chapter 14), as we consider them outside the scope of... 

Anyone involved in writing analytical procedures and methods for the first time generally underestimates the difficulty of the task until faced with the results of an unsuccessful transfer process. Why is it then that we have a dearth of guidelines for such a task The major texts on analytical chemistry and analytical science do not contain such advice. Even recent books on the validation of analytical methods, The Approved Text to the FECS Curriculum of Analytical Chemistry and Quality Assurance in Analytical Chemistry, excellent though they are in other areas, make cursory reference, if any, to the requirements for good detailed written procedures. 

First of all, it should be noted by the reader that it is not within the scope of this chapter to give more background and details on analytical chemistry. The corresponding scientific knowledge and technical information have been described elsewhere (for instance Schomburg 1984 Lee et al. 1984 Chapman 1986 and many other lecture books). 

The book includes a number of topics ranging from those related to biochemistry to some from physics and covering problems such as mechanisms in organic chemistry or instrumentation in analytical chemistry. For this reason, additional information from related fields is needed sometimes for a better understanding of the subject. However, the intention of the author was to present the book, as much as possible, as a uniform subject and not as a conglomerate of scientific papers. Some previously written materials, such as Irwin s excellent book on analytical pyrolysis, were a guide for this purpose. 

Before going into detail with respect to the analytical methods that are applied in contemporary supramolecular chemistry, this brief introduction to some basic concepts and research topics within supramolecular chemistry is intended to provide the reader with some background. Of course, it is not possible to give a comprehensive overview. It is not even achievable to review the last 40 or so years of supramolecular research in a concise manner. For a more in-depth discussion, the reader is thus referred to some excellent text books on supramolecular chemistry [7]. 

For more details on these methods, there is a variety of references that may be consulted. The classical methods are given by Pregl (1930) and Niederl and Niederl (1938). Steyermark (1961) and Ingram (1962) have rather thoroughly presented the noninstrumental methods of elemental analysis. The more recent methods, especially the instrumental methods, have been presented in books by Ehrenberger and Gorbach (1973), Belcher (1977), Ma and Rittner (1979), Bance (1980), and Kirsten (1983). Multivolume series such as the Treatise on Analytical Chemistry (Kolthoff and Elving 1959-1981) and Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry (Wilson and Wilson, 1959)... 

With respect to other major literature on or related to XRE, are chapters in various analytical series and individual books. Two chapters are in the first edition of the famous Treatise on Analytical Chemistry. Comprehensive coverage of X-ray methods absorption, diffraction, and emission is provided by Liebhafsky et al. (1964) in a 90-page chapter in the section on Optical methods of analysis (E. J. Meehan, section advisor). This is immediately followed by the chapter by Wittry (1964) on X-ray microanalysis by means of electron probes. Chapters on relevant topics appearing in the other well known series on analytical chemistry. Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry, are by Beretka (1975) (Analytical applications of electron microscopy) with a brief mention of the XRF-based technique electron probe... 

The methods used to determine the over-all reaction have been treated extensively in books on analytical and electroanalytical chemistry (63). In the following subsections, some methods used to determine the reaction path and the rate-determining step will be dealt with briefly. In the last subsection, a comparison of mechanism determinations in electro- and chemical catalysis will be made. 

---