Bleomycin fibrosis induced

Sendelbach, L.E., Lindenschmidt, R.C. and Witschi, H.P. (1985). The eflfea of cyclosporine A on pulmonary fibrosis induced by butylated hydroxytoluene, bleomycin and beryd-lium sulfate. Toxicol. Lett. 26, 169-173. 

Hagiwara SI, Ishii Y, Kitamura S. 2000. Aerosolized administration of N-acetylcystine attenuates lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin in mice. Am. J. Respir. Crit. CareMed. 162 225-31... 

Peao MND, Aguas AP, DeSa CM, Grande NR. Neoformation of blood vessels in association with rat lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin. Anat Rec 1994 238 57-67. 

Piguet PE. Fhrlmonary fibrosis induced by silica, asbestos and bleomycin. In Schook LB, Laskin DL, eds. Xenobiotics and Inflartrmafion. New York Academic Press, 1994 283-300. 

Huaux F, Gharaee-Kermani M, Liu T, et al. Role of eotaxin-1 (CCL11) and CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) in bleomycin-induced lung injury and fibrosis. Am J Pathol 2005 167(6) 1485-1496. 

Huaux F, Liu T, McGarry B, Ullenbruch M, Xing Z, Phan SH. Eosinophils and T lymphocytes possess distinct roles in bleomycin-induced lung injury and fibrosis. J Immunol 2003 171(10) 5470-5481. 

Burdick MD, Murray LA, Keane MP, et al. CXCL11 attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibition of vascular remodeling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005 171(3) 261-268. 

Yara S, Kawakami K, Kudeken N, et al. FTS reduces bleomycin-induced cytokine and chemokine production and inhibits pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2001 124(l) 77-85. 

Okuma T, Terasaki Y, Kaikita K, et al. C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) deficiency improves bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by attenuation of both macrophage infiltration and production of macrophage-derived matrix metallo-proteinases. J Pathol 2004 204(5) 594-604. 

Corbel M, Caulet-Maugendre S, Germain N, Molet S, Lagente V, Boichot E. Inhibition of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat. J Pathol 2001 193(4) 538—545. 

Izbicki G, Or R, Christensen TG, et al. Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in IL-4-overexpressing and knockout mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2002 283(5) L1110-L1116. 

Keane MP, Belperio JA, Burdick MD, Strieter RM. IL-12 attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001 281(1) ... 

Kim JH, Kim HY, Kim S, Chung JH, Park WS, Chung DH. Natural killer T (NKT) cells attenuate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by producing interferon-gamma. Am J Pathol 2005 167(5) 1231-1241. 

Inayama M, Nishioka Y, Azuma M, et al. A novel IkappaB kinase-beta inhibitor ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006 173(9) 1016-1022. 

Antioxidant therapy might be promising medication for the treatment of some lung disorders. For example, lecithinized phosphatidylcholine-CuZnSOD suppressed the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice [284] these findings could be of relevance for the treatment of bleomycin-stimulated pulmonary fibrosis in humans. Davis et al. [285] recently demonstrated that the treatment of premature infants with recombinant human CuZnSOD may reduce early pulmonary injury. 

Katsuma, S., Nishi, K., Tanigawara, K., Ikawa, H., Shiojima, S., Takagaki, K., Kamin-ishi, Y., Suzuki, Y., Hirasawa, A., Ohgi, T., Yano, J., Murakami, Y., and Tsujim-oto, G., Molecular monitoring of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by cDNA microarray-based gene expression profiling, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 288, 747-751, 2001. 

Cystostatic antibiotics insert themselves into the DNA double strand this may lead to strand breakage (e.g., with bleomycin). The anthracycline antibiotics daunorubkin and adriamycin (doxorubicin) may induce cardiomyopathy. Bleomycin can also cause pulmonary fibrosis. 

Oxidative stress reduces the rate of cell proliferation, and that occurring during chemotherapy may interfere with the cytotoxic effects of antineoplastic drugs, which depend on rapid proliferation of cancer cells for optimal activity. Antioxidants detoxify ROS and may enhance the anticancer effects of chemotherapy. For some supplements, activities beyond their antioxidant properties, such as inhibition of topoisomerase II or protein tyrosine kinases, may also contribute. ROS cause or contribute to certain side effects that are common to many anticancer drugs, such as gastrointestinal toxicity and muagenesis. ROS also contribute to side effects that occur only with individual agents, such as doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Antioxidants can reduce or prevent many of these side effects, and for some supplements the protective effect results from activities other than their antioxidant properties. Certain side effects, however, such as alopecia and myelosuppression, are not prevented... 

Nakao, A., Fujii, M., Matsumura, R., Kumano, K., Saito, Y., Miyazono, K. and Iwamoto, I. (1999). Transient gene transfer and expression of Smad7 prevents bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 104, 5-11. 

Eitzman DT, McCoy RD, Zheng X et al. (1996) Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in transgenic mice that either lack or overexpress the murine plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene. J Clin Invest 97 232-237... 

Serum levels of phospholipids dfiiomo-gamma-linolenic acid were also found to be inversely associated with the risk of death caused by lung cancer (60). In diabetic rats, GLA was found to have beneficial, restorative effects on nerve conduction velocity, Na-f, K+ ATPase activity, and membrane fatty acid composition (61). Moreover, bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in hamsters was altered as a result of elevations in tissue PGEl and 15-HETrE, both of which have anti-inflammatory properties (62). 

Cytotoxic antibiotics depress the bone marrow, cause gastrointestinal upsets and stomatitis, alopecia, cardiomyopathy (daunorubicin and doxorubicin) and pulmonary fibrosis and skin rashes (bleomycin). Some of these effects are dose-dependent, for example, doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Others may be potentiated by concomitant use of radiotherapy. 

Altered expression of small proteoglycans, collagen and TGF/3 has been shown in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats (Khalil etal., 1989 Shahzeidi etal., 1993 Denholm and Rollins, 1993 Westergren-Thorsson etal.,... 

Selective inhibition of inflammatory cytokines is also an attractive approach. In animal models, antibodies to TNFa prevent lung fibrosis when given prior to injury from silica, bleomycin or antigen-induced extrinsic allergic alveolitis (Piguet etal., 1989, 1990 Denis et al., 1991). This approach may be an option in humans since TNFa antibodies have been used successfully as a therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (Elliot etal., 1993). 

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