Bismuth tartrate

Solid-state structures of two bismuth tartrate complexes reveal a similar asymmetric unit composed of two tartrate ligands on a bismuth center and are distinguished by replacement of a proton in Bi(H3tar)(H2tar) 3H20 (160) with by an ammomium ion in NH4[Bi (H2tar)2(H20)] H20 (161). The nine-coordinate bismuth environments in each structure are very similar, as illustrated in 48, respectively,... 

When an alkali bismuth tartrate and the disodium salt of Kalvarsan tiro mixtul in iirpieous solution and the whole poured into ether-metlwl aleohol solution, a complex is precipitated which is said to have the general formula, R.As.Bi.A8(R).Bi.As.Ri, whore R is an amindhryl radical (American Patent, 1605691). 

Bismuth Potassium Tartrate. Potassium bismuth, utirtrate potassium bismuth tartrate potassium bismuthyl tartrate tartaric acid bismuth complex potassium salt. The tnsmuth content of the complex salts of bismuth and alkali tartrate may be made to range within wide limits (35 -75% BO, The medicinal grade contains 60-64% bismuth. Prepn Kober, I -S, pat. 1,663,201 (1928 to Searle) Hagers Handh. Pham. Praxis 1st Supply 316 (Barlin, 1949). 

The nonstoichiometric sugar oxidation process in the presence of alkali is used for both qualitative and quantitative determination of reducing sugars (Fehling s reaction with alkaline cupric tartrate Nylander s reaction with alkaline trivalent bismuth tartrate or using Benedict s solution, in which cupric ion complexes with citrate ion). Hydroxyaldehydes and hydroxyketones are formed by chain cleavage due to retroaldol reaction under nonoxidative conditions using dilute alkali at elevated temperatures or concentrated alkali even in the cold. 

Direct Titrations. The most convenient and simplest manner is the measured addition of a standard chelon solution to the sample solution (brought to the proper conditions of pH, buffer, etc.) until the metal ion is stoichiometrically chelated. Auxiliary complexing agents such as citrate, tartrate, or triethanolamine are added, if necessary, to prevent the precipitation of metal hydroxides or basic salts at the optimum pH for titration. Eor example, tartrate is added in the direct titration of lead. If a pH range of 9 to 10 is suitable, a buffer of ammonia and ammonium chloride is often added in relatively concentrated form, both to adjust the pH and to supply ammonia as an auxiliary complexing agent for those metal ions which form ammine complexes. A few metals, notably iron(III), bismuth, and thorium, are titrated in acid solution. 

H. 8-Hydroxyquinaldine (XI). The reactions of 8-hydroxyquinaldine are, in general, similar to 8-hydroxyquinoline described under (C) above, but unlike the latter it does not produce an insoluble complex with aluminium. In acetic acid-acetate solution precipitates are formed with bismuth, cadmium, copper, iron(II) and iron(III), chromium, manganese, nickel, silver, zinc, titanium (Ti02 + ), molybdate, tungstate, and vanadate. The same ions are precipitated in ammoniacal solution with the exception of molybdate, tungstate, and vanadate, but with the addition of lead, calcium, strontium, and magnesium aluminium is not precipitated, but tartrate must be added to prevent the separation of aluminium hydroxide. 

In a similar determination described by Lingane and Jones,11 an alloy containing copper, bismuth, lead, and tin is dissolved in hydrochloric acid as described above, and then 100 mL of sodium tartrate solution (0.1 M) is added, followed by sufficient sodium hydroxide solution (5M) to adjust the pH to 5.0. After the addition of hydrazinium chloride (4 g), the solution is warmed to 70 °C and then electrolysed. Copper is deposited at —0.3 volt, and then sequentially, bismuth at —0.4 volt, and lead at —0.6 volt all cathode potentials quoted are vs the S.C.E. After deposition of the lead, the solution is acidified with hydrochloric acid and the tin then deposited at a cathode potential of — 0.65 volt vs the S.C.E. 

Sulphuric acid is not recommended, because sulphate ions have a certain tendency to form complexes with iron(III) ions. Silver, copper, nickel, cobalt, titanium, uranium, molybdenum, mercury (>lgL-1), zinc, cadmium, and bismuth interfere. Mercury(I) and tin(II) salts, if present, should be converted into the mercury(II) and tin(IV) salts, otherwise the colour is destroyed. Phosphates, arsenates, fluorides, oxalates, and tartrates interfere, since they form fairly stable complexes with iron(III) ions the influence of phosphates and arsenates is reduced by the presence of a comparatively high concentration of acid. 

Nylander reagent chem A solution of Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate), potassium or sodium hydroxide, and bismuth subnitrate in water used to test for sugar in urine. m-lon-dor re,a-(3nt ... 

The complex of tartaric acid and antimony (emetic) was described three centuries ago. Nevertheless, the structure of this compound has been elucidated these last fifteen years by X-ray diffraction ( 1 ). In fact, emetic presents a binuclear cyclic structure. Many authors mentioned similar complex with transition metals (vanadium (2), chromium (3)) or metalloids (arsenic (4), bismuth (5)). Emetic with phosphorus was not mentioned. Nevertheless, tartaric acid or alkyl tartrates has been utilized in phosphorus chemistry tartaric acid reacts with trialkyl phosphites giving heterocyclic phosphites (6). Starting from alkyl tartrates, we prepared spirophosphoranes with a P-H bond and sixco-ordinated compounds (7). With unprotected tartaric acid, many possibilities appear condensation as a diol, as a di(oc-hydro-xyacid), or even as a 8-hydroxyacid. 

Rubidium salts impart a reddish-violet coloration to the Bunsen flame, similar to that characteristic of potassium derivatives. Like potassium, rubidium forms several salts not readily soluble, among them the chloroplatinate, perchlorate, silicofluoride, bismuth thiosulphate, and primary tartrate. It can also be detected by the formation of Bi(N02)3,2RbN02,NaN02, a yellow crystalline precipitate produced by adding a solution of bismuth nitrate and sodium nitrite to one of a rubidium salt.2... 

Coulometric determinations of metals with a mercury cathode have been described by Lingane. From a tartrate solution, copper, bismuth, lead, and cadmium were successively removed by applying the appropriate cathode potential, which was selected to correspond to a region of diffusion-controlled current determined from current-voltage curves with a dropping mercury electrode. With a silver anode, iodide, bromide, and chloride can be deposited quantitatively as the silver salt. By controlling the anode potential, Lingane and Small determined iodide in the presence of bromide or chloride. The separation of bromide and chloride, however, was not successful because solid solutions were formed (Section 9-4). 

See American Patent, 1077462 Baiziss and Qavion, J. Amer. Ghem. Soe., 1921, 43. 583 Christiansen, ibid., 1922, 44, 2340 Fonmeau, Tr4 ouel, and B6noit, BuU. 80c. ehim., 1927, [iv.], 41, 499. Stable solutions of bismuth salts of this derivative or similar arylarsinic acids are prepared by the addition of a base such as piperazine, or sodium ctr ammonium hydromde, to a susmnsion of the salt, to render it soluble, and of a salt of an aliphatic hydroxypolybasio aciA such as potassium tartrate or citrate—British Patent, 277774 (1926) French Patent, 632834, See British Patent, 264797 (1926). 

Cyanohydrins. A bismuth complex derived from BiCij and diethyl tartrate mediates asymmetric addition of MCjSiCN to aldehydes (6 examples, 20-72% ee). ... 

The extraction of bismuth diethyldithiocarbamate into CCI4 or CHCI3, from alkaline solution containing tartrate, cyanide, and EDTA, is a specific method for separation of Bi. After the extraction Bi can be determined either directly as the coloured complex Bi(DDTC)3 (see below), or by other methods [1,2]. 

When cyanide and tartrate are present as masking agents, only Pb, TI(I), and Sn(Il) dithizonates are co-extracted with bismuth from slightly alkaline medium (pH 8-9.5). Tin(IV) does not react with dithizone. Lead and thallium can be separated from bismuth since their dithizonates are unstable in slightly acidic medium (pH 3.0-3.5). After Bi, Pb, and T1 have been extracted into CCI4, the lead and thallium are stripped into an aqueous solution at pH 3.3. 

Before extracting bismuth and lead from ammoniacal cyanide solution add purified potassium sodium tartrate (see Section 27.2.1) to the initial acidic solution to prevent precipitation of hydrolyzable metals. 

Bismuth is the only metal forming a coloured complex with DDTC, in ammonia solutions, in the presence of EDTA and KCN, at pH 9-11. The Hg(DDTC)2 complex, also extractable under these conditions, does not absorb at 400 nm. Some tartrate should be added, if Al, Ti, or other hydrolysable elements are present. 

The main interfering metals in the copper determination are Fe, Bi, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, Mo and U, which form coloured complexes. The selectivity of the method is considerably enhanced by the use of EDTA as a masking agent. In a tartrate or citrate medium at pH 8-9, Fe, Mn, Ni and Co are masked by EDTA, as are Cd, Pb, Zn, and In, which form colourless complexes with DDTC. Of the metals forming coloured compounds with DDTC, only Bi, Tl(III), and Cu are not masked. Thallium, when reduced to T1(I), does not interfere. Bismuth can be stripped from the organic extract, containing copper and bismuth diethyidithiocarbamates, with 5 M HCl. Copper diethyidithiocarbamate is decomposed by cyanide, whereas the bismuth complex remains unaffected. 

Bismuth potassium sodium tartrate <3 Mammal, intramuscular... 

Arsenic salts and arsines are extremely toxic, and uses of arsenic compounds in weedkillers, sheep- and cattle-dips, and poisons against vermin are less widespread than was once the case (see Box 14.1). Antimony compounds are less toxic, but large doses result in liver damage. Potassium antimony tartrate tartar emetic) was used medicinally as an emetic and expectorant but has now been replaced by less toxic reagents. Bismuth is one of the less toxic heavy metals and compounds, such as the subcarbonate (Bi0)2C03, find use in stomach remedies including treatments for peptic ulcers. 

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